广东基于营建鸟类栖息地的湿地公园规划设计策略

Planning and design strategy of wetland parks in Guangdong based on bird habitat

为了提出相对合理的广东基于鸟类栖息地营建的湿地公园规划设计策略,通过对相关资料的搜集与分析,秉持生态优先的理念,结合前人研究成果,从分区布局、种植设计、水体设计、驳岸设计、道路设计、鸟类相关设施设计和照明设计等7个方面进行分析。认为要营建湿地公园中的鸟类栖息地,就必须以满足鸟类栖息需求和公众游憩需求为立足点,把各方面相关因素考虑到设计中;在分区布局方面,要基于生态格局考虑,将其划分为保育区、缓冲区、功能区3区结构;在种植设计方面,要综合考虑植物食源、庇护、观赏和净水降噪等作用,优先选择鸟类喜栖植物和乡土植物,并丰富植物群落类型;在水体设计方面,要综合考虑其水质、水深以及岸线设计和岛屿设计;在驳岸设计方面,要从其驳岸类型来考虑其适用情况;在道路设计方面,要考虑道路的选线、布局、尺度等。除了考虑联通性和便利性,更要保证自然环境不被破坏;在鸟类相关设施设计方面,要综合考虑其科普宣传教育设施、引鸟设施、观鸟设施、护鸟设施等;在照明设计方面,要综合考虑照明区域、时长、强度和光源色彩等,尤其是在广东省鸟类集中迁徙繁殖的季节。

In order to put forward a relatively reasonable planning and design strategy of wetland parks in Guangdong based on bird habitat construction,through the collection and analysis of relevant data,adhering to the concept of ecological priority and combining with previous research results,the analysis was carried out from seven aspects as zoning layout,planting design,water design,revetment design,road design,bird-related facilities design and lighting design.It was concluded that to build the bird habitat in wetland park,it was necessary to meet the needs of bird habitat and public recreation as the foothold,and take all related factors into consideration in the design.In terms of zoning layout,the conservation zone,buffer zone and functional zone should be divided based on ecological pattern.In the aspect of planting design,the functions of plants such as food source,shelter,ornamental,water purification and noise reduction should be considered comprehensively.It was needed of preferential choice of birds and native plants,and enrichment in plant community types.Water quality,water depth,shoreline design and island design should be considered comprehensively in water body design.In terms of revetment design,the application should be considered from the revetment type.In terms of road design,the selection,layout and scale of roads should be taken into consideration.In addition to connectivity and convenience,it should be thought over to prevent the natural environment.In the aspect of bird related facilities design,it is necessary to comprehensively consider its science popularization and education facilities,bird guide facilities,bird watching facilities,bird protection facilities,etc.In terms of lighting design,lighting area,duration,intensity and color of light source should be considered comprehensively,especially in the migratory and breeding season of birds in Guangdong Province.