冻雨天气对民机飞行的影响及运行控制研究:以贵阳龙洞堡机场为例

Influence of civil aircraft flight and operation control in freezing rain:taking Guiyang Longdongbao airport as an example

冻雨是影响民航在冬季安全运行的常见恶劣天气之一,在飞机表面形成的积冰等污染物会导致飞机机翼临界角减小,引起民机飞行的不安全事件。贵州省是我国低温雨雪凝冻灾害天气影响最严重的地区,为提高冻雨天气下民机飞行的安全性,选取贵阳龙洞堡机场为样本,梳理冻雨在民航运输中的危害性,再结合机场区域的地形特征,以贵阳2019年1月18日一次冻雨气象来研究冻雨产生的机制,研究发现贵阳地域纬度较低但海拔高度偏高的独特地形,加之区域内存在较强的逆温层,形成的上暖下冷温度场结构是造成冻雨的必备条件。最后从强化冻雨天气下的预报预警工作、落实冻雨天气下的机组操作规则、严格执行冻雨天气下的管制规定和制定冻雨天气下的工作预案等四个方面提出运行控制建议。

Freezing rain is one of the common severe weather that affects the safe operation of civil aviation in winter.The contaminants on the surface of the aircraft can lead to a decrease in the critical angle of attack of the aircraft wings,resulting in the unsafe incidents for civil aircraft flight.Guizhou Province is the region with the most severe impact of low temperature,rain,snow,and freezing disasters in China.In order to improve the safety of civil aircraft flight in freezing rain weather,Guiyang Longdongbao Airport was selected as a sample to sort out the damage of freezing rain in civil aviation transportation.Combined with the terrain feature of the airport region,the formation mechanism of freezing rain was studied based on the process of a freezing rain in Guiyang on January 18,2019.The study found that Guiyang region has a unique topography of low latitude but high altitude,and there is a strong temperature inversion layer in the region,forming a temperature field structure of upper warm and lower cold,which is a necessary condition to cause freezing rain.Finally,operational control suggestions were proposed from four aspects:strengthening the forecast and early warning work in freezing rain weather,implementing the crew operation rules in freezing rain weather,strictly implementing the control regulations in freezing rain weather,and developing the work plans in freezing rain weather.