锅炉炉内汽水爆炸冲击波及爆炸效应评价研究

Research on the Evaluation of Steam-water Explosion Shock Wave and Explosion Effect in Boiler Furnace

为合理地估算锅炉汽水爆炸冲击波的能量及破坏效应,首先对锅炉汽水爆炸的理论进行研究,主要包括锅炉汽水爆炸的过程与能量、TNT当量法、TNO多能法以及爆炸破坏评价准则,接着就某高温高压循环流化床锅炉水冷壁爆管引发炉内汽水爆炸事故进行计算分析,经计算,汽水爆炸总能量为150822.1 kJ,其中饱和蒸汽爆破能量占饱和水的比例α为10.5%,不能按照一般处理进行忽略;在TNT当量法中,汽水爆炸冲击波的峰值超压Δpmax=0.204 MPa,依据超压准则评价其破坏效应时,得到近场超压偏大的结论;在TNO多能法中,汽水爆炸的DN值为4.036×10~7 Pa2·s,依据超压-冲量准则评价其破坏效应与实际情况相符。TNT当量法容易高估近场处的超压,因此在估算锅炉炉内汽水爆炸破坏效应时,优先选用TNO多能法结合超压-冲量准则的方法,其结果更为准确。该研究成果对锅炉炉内汽水爆炸事故的预防、认定、诊断分析提供了理论计算依据和数据支撑,对锅炉实际工程项目中安全风险的辨识和评估有着重要的意义,同时为运行中降低炉内发生汽水爆炸的风险给出了运行管理建议。

In order to reasonably estimate the energy and damage effect of the boiler steam-water explosion shock wave,firstly,the theory of boiler steam explosion is researched,mainly including the process and energy of boiler steam-water explosion,TNT equivalent method,TNO multi-energy method,as well as the explosion damage evaluation guide-lines.Then a high temperature and high pressure circulating fluidized bed boiler water-cooled wall burst triggered is ana-lyzed,which is caused by the furnace steam explosion accident calculation,after calculation,the total steam explosion En-ergy is 150822.1 kJ,of which the saturated steam explosion energy accounted for the proportion of saturated waterαis 105%,so the saturated steam explosion energy can’t be ignored in accordance with the general treatment.In the TNT-e-quivalent method,the peak overpressure of the steam explosion shock waveΔpmax=0.204 MPa,based on the guidelines for evaluation of its destructive effect of the overpressure,get the conclusion of the near-field overpressure bias.In the TNO multi-energy method,the DN value of vapor explosion is 4.036×107 Pa2s,according to the overpressure-impulse criteria to evaluate the damage effect is consistent with the actual situation.TNT equivalent method is easy to overestimate the over-pressure in the near field,therefore,in the estimation of the damage effect of vapor explosion in the boiler furnace,the pre-ferred choice of TNO multi-energy method combined with overpressure-impulse criterion,the results are more accurate.The research results of the study on the boiler furnace vapor explosion accident prevention,identification,diagnosis and a-nalysis of the theoretical calculation basis and data support,for the actual boiler engineering projects in the identification and assessment of safety risks is of great significance.It also shows the way to reduce the risk of steam-water explosion in the furnace during operation.