新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎早期临床诊断与手术指征新进展

Recent advances on the early clinical diagnosis and surgical indications for neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis

坏死性小肠结肠炎是新生儿期最常见和最严重的胃肠道疾病之一,其发病率与出生体重和胎龄呈负相关。该病的特点是小肠结肠广泛或局限性坏死,严重时可出现肠穿孔、感染性休克等并发症。虽然新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的整体存活率有所提高,但在优化早期诊断、确定最佳的手术干预时机等方面尚未形成统一标准。近年来,一些生物学标志物已被用于早期诊断新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎及预测疾病进展和严重程度。本文对新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的早期诊断及手术指征方面的研究进展进行综述。

Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)is one of the most frequent and severe gastrointestinal diseases among neonates,especially preterm newborns.Its incidence is inversely associated with birth weight and gestational age.NEC is characterized by widespread or localized necrosis of the small intestine and colon,and intestinal perforation,septic shock and other complications can occur in severe cases.The overall survival rate of NEC has been improved in recent years.However,there is no uniform standards for early diagnosis and surgical intervention.Several biomarkers have been proposed for the early diagnosis of NEC and for the prediction of disease progression and severity.This review summarized the progress on early diagnosis and surgical indications of NEC.