政府帮扶对贫困家庭消费相对剥夺的影响--基于精准扶贫的政策评估

Impact of government assistance on the relative deprivation of poor households’consumption:Policy evaluation based on the targeted poverty alleviation program

[目的]精准扶贫政策总体提升了贫困家庭的绝对福利水平,但其在改善家庭相对福利,如消费相对剥夺的作用尚待讨论,上述问题的解答对现阶段政府帮扶政策如何提质增效具有重要意义。[方法]本文基于2013-2019中国家庭金融追踪调查(CHFS)数据,首先使用Kakwani指数法计算城市(省份)层面的家庭消费相对剥夺;其次,运用双重差分法检验了精准扶贫政策对贫困家庭消费相对剥夺的影响效果;最后,通过消费分类、引入扶贫方式交互项模型以及致贫成因异质性分析检验精准扶贫政策对家庭消费相对剥夺的靶向影响。[结果](1)精准扶贫政策总体上降低了贫困家庭消费相对剥夺,但其经济效果较弱,在经过一系列安慰剂检验与匹配样本回归后结果仍然成立;(2)对消费类型、扶贫方式与致贫成因的进一步分类检验发现,贫困家庭在医疗保障与文教方面的消费相对剥夺因扶贫政策得到明显的减轻。因为保障型的扶贫政策如医疗保障、住房生活帮扶、子女教育帮扶能显著改善贫困家庭的消费福利,而其他发展型帮扶方式未能发现统计效力。[结论]精准扶贫政策对家庭消费相对剥夺总体影响较弱,且集中于保障型扶贫政策如医疗帮扶与教育帮扶,未来政府帮扶需要在发展型帮扶上进行增效优化。

[Objective]The targeted poverty alleviation program has,overall,elevated the social welfare of impoverished households.However,the role of the targeted poverty alleviation program plays in improving households’relative welfare,such as relative deprivation of consumption,remains a subject for discussion.The answer to this question carries significant implications for improving the quality and efficiency of government assistance policies.[Methods]Based on the China Household Finance Survey(CHFS)data from 2013 to 2019,this study calculated the relative deprivation of household consumption using the Kakwani index for the surveyed households residing in a city(or province).Then,using the difference-in-differences method,this study examined the impact of the targeted poverty alleviation program on the relative consumption deprivation of poor households.Finally,employing heterogeneity analysis of the causes of poverty,as well as consumption categorization and an interactive model of poverty alleviation styles,this study tested the effect of the government targeted poverty alleviation program on the relative deprivation of household consumptions.[Results]The targeted poverty alleviation program has generally reduced the relative deprivation of consumption for impoverished households,albeit having a relatively weak economic effect.This result remains valid even after a series of placebotests and regressing on a matched sample set.Further classification and scrutiny of the consumption types,poverty alleviation styles,and causes of poverty revealed that poverty-stricken households experienced a significant reduction in relative deprivation of consumption in the healthcare expenditure and education expenditure.This is because the welfare type poverty alleviation policies such as medical support,housing and living assistance,and children’s education support significantly enhanced the consumption welfare of poor households.However,no statistically significant effect was found in other development assistance type poverty alleviation policies.[Conclusion]The impact of the targeted poverty alleviation program on household relative consumption deprivation was generally weak,and was concentrated in protection-oriented poverty alleviation policies,such as medical support and educational assistance.In the future,government assistance needs to enhance efficiency and optimization in development-oriented policies.