美国“芯片法案”与半导体“去台化”趋势研析

Research on the US CHIPS Bill(Act)and the Trend of Semiconductor"De-Taiwanization"

鉴于芯片在数字化时代生产结构中的重要地位,近年来世界各国及地区纷纷将芯片列作重要的战略资源,出台政策扶持半导体产业发展。为了维持半导体产业的霸权地位,从特朗普政府到拜登政府,美国两党联手推动《芯片与科学法案》出台,吸引全球半导体工厂在美落地。该法案对以中国台湾、韩国等为主的半导体制造厂商提供补贴优惠,但也要求其遵守相应的“排华条款”。在美国两党合力施压、拉拢下,美国高端芯片供应商、台湾地区半导体龙头厂商台积电开启了大规模赴美投资的进程。与此同时,美国半导体产业“去台化”趋势初现端倪,中国台湾半导体产业在全球的独特、领先地位面临被削弱风险。

In view of the important position of chips in the production structure of the digital era,more countries and regions have listed chips as important strategic resources and introduced policies to support the development of the semiconductor industry.In order to maintain the hegemony of the semiconductor industry,from the Trump administration to the Biden administration,the ruling and opposition parties have jointly promoted the Chip and Science Act to attract global semiconductor leading factories to invest in the United States.The bill provides subsidies to semiconductor manufacturers in Taiwan and South Korea,but also requires them to comply with the corresponding"Chinese exclusion provisions."Under the combined pressure and persuasion of the two parties in the United States,TSMC as the high-end chip supplier of the United States and the leading semiconductor manufacturer in Taiwan,has opened the process of large-scale investment in the United States.At the same time,the trend of"de-Taiwanization"of the US semiconductor industry is beginning to emerge,and the unique and leading position of Taiwan's semiconductor industry in the world is facing the risk of weakening.