均衡发展背景下优质基础教育资源分布与住房价格的空间关联研究——以广州市为例

Research on the spatial correlation between the highquality basic education resources and housing prices to pursuing a balanced development:A case study of Guangzhou

促进优质基础教育覆盖率提高及均衡分布、控制大城市房价高涨是当前城市可持续发展和社会公平领域的讨论热点。以广州市街镇一级行政区划为案例研究单元,基于2018年包括POI在内的多源数据,探究学区化管理政策下不同类型优质基础教育资源分布与住房价格的空间关联性。研究发现:(1)决定二者空间关系的主要因素包括公共财政投入、教育改革、招生政策、人口、生源、街镇所处的市辖区历史及地方空间规划和发展功能定位等;(2)从不同学段来看,优质小学的分布密度与房价的相关性最高,其次是幼儿园、初中、高中依次递减;(3)从全市范围来看,基础教育资源的质量和房价分布在空间上均有“中心高-边缘低”的特征,街镇一级的优质学校密度越高,房价越高;(4)把城市划分为中心区、近郊区和远郊区三个圈层,发现中心区的学区房效应极高,各级各类的优质学校均与房价呈强关联;在近郊区,优质民办学校聚集的特征明显,其中市一级民办幼儿园与房价的关联性最强;而在远郊区,优质学校分布较少,房价也明显比中心区低,二者在街镇一级尺度的空间关系并不明显。研究建议未来应打破优质基础教育资源和住宅间的空间关联性,通过均衡选址规划名校校区,改善中心区与郊区基础教育资源分布不均的状况。

The studies on balancing high-quality basic education development and controlling the increasing housing prices for sustainable development and social equity in big cities have drawn a huge academic attention.Taking Guangzhou's sub-districts as study areas,this research investigates the relationships of spatial distribution between housing prices and the high-quality schools with different grades and stages through examining point of interest(POI)data.The results show that:①The public fiscal investment,educational reforms,enrollment changes,population numbers,applicant poll,as well as the local history,spatial planning and its functions are key factors that affect the spatial relationships between high-quality schools and housing prices.②From the perspective of educational stages,high-quality elementary schools contribute the greatest correlation with housing prices,while sequentially the kindergartens,secondary schools and high schools are less related.③The general spatial correlation presents a"core-periphery"differentiation between the inner city and the suburban area from high to low in the municipality of Guangzhou;while in sub-districts level,the higher the density of high-quality schools,the more costly the housing it is.④There is a strong correlation relationship between the density of high-quality public schools and the high housing prices in city core,and there is a high agglomeration of high-quality private schools in the suburbs,especially the private kindergartens at the municipal level,contributes the greatest correlation with housing prices,while there is no correlation between the high quality schools and housing prices in the outskirts.The research calls for a reform to decrease the strong correlation between the high quality basic education and housing prices through rational planning by locating more better schools to suburban areas to change the imbalance of basic education distribution in Chinese cities.