超构透明吸波体的研究前沿与展望

Frontiers and prospects for metamaterial transparent absorbers

吸波材料在电磁隐身技术中发挥着至关重要的作用.与非透明材料相比,透明材料实现电磁吸收面临更复杂和独特的挑战.经典透明吸波体在光学透过率、厚度、电磁吸收带宽、倾角与极化稳定性等多项指标存在难以调和的矛盾.随超构材料应用于透明吸波体,上述核心性能指标得到显著改善,从而促进了其在电磁隐身领域的实际应用.本文针对超构透明吸波体研究工作进行了综述,首先介绍了透明吸波体的光学透明与电磁隐身原理,并对经典透明吸波体工作原理与局限进行分析与总结.随后对超构材料改善透明吸波体在宽带电磁吸收、倾角与极化稳定性经典性能的研究进展与设计方法进行了总结.为预示未来发展方向,本文详细阐述了近年来透明吸波体在混合机制设计、多光谱设计、动态可调性能的技术原理与研究前沿,并展望了新兴方向为透明吸波体带来的多机制、多功能、智能化的发展机遇.

Absorbing materials play a crucial role in electromagnetic invisible technology.Compared with non-transparent materials,transparent absorber faces more complex and unique challenges in the field of electromagnetic absorption.Classic transparent absorbers exhibit irreconcilable contradictions in several key performance indicators such as optical transparency,thickness,electromagnetic absorption bandwidth,oblique and polarization stability.With the introduction of metasurfaces into transparent absorbers,these key performances have been significantly improved,thereby further promoting their practical application in the field of electromagnetic invisibility.This paper reviews the research on metamaterial-based transparent absorbers.Initially,the paper discusses the optical transparency and electromagnetic absorption mechanisms of transparent absorbers and analyzes and summarizes the working principles and limitations of classic transparent absorbers.Then,it summarizes the research progress and design methods of metamaterial in improving the classic performance of transparent absorbers in wideband electromagnetic absorption,oblique and polarization stability.To foresee future development directions,the paper details the technological principles and research frontiers of recent advances in transparent absorbers in hybrid mechanism design,multispectral design,and dynamic tunable performance,and looks forward to the emerging directions bringing multifunctionality,multi-mechanism,and intelligence to transparent absorbers.