论天人关系的早期演进

On the Early Evolution of the Relationship Between Haven and Human

天人关系的实质是人对自身与以“天”为代表的生存世界之关系的认知。在这一关系中,“天”作为客观存在,万古不易,人则是其中活的因素。所以,“天”之内涵的丰富与变化,或者说“天人关系”的发展,实则展现的是人的自我觉醒以及对自身认知的不断加深。以往的研究多认为“天人合一”是天人关系中的主流,但这主要是就孔子创立儒学之后说的。本文则主要借助“盘古开天地”与“绝地天通”两个上古时期的神话传说,梳理至孔子创建儒家前早期“天人关系”的演进阶段,即“盘古开天地”后的天人相分,“绝地天通”下特殊的天人合一,以及周公、孔子以德配天、内向超越的天人合一。

The essence of the relationship between haven and human is human's cognition of the relationship between himself and the living world represented by"heaven".In this relationship,"heaven"as an objective existence never changes,while humans are the living factor.Therefore,the enrichment and change in the connotation of"heaven",or the development of the"relationship between heaven and human",actually reflects people's self-awakening and deepening understanding.In previous studies,it was commonly believed that"the unity of heaven and human"was the mainstream in the relationship,but this was mainly said after Confucius founded Confucianism.With the help of the myths and legends of"Pan Gu open heaven and earth"and"disconnection of heaven from earth",this paper combs the evolution stage of"the relationship between heaven and human"in the early period before Confucius founded Confucianism.That is,the separation of heaven and human after Pan Gu opened heaven and earth,the special unity of heaven and human under the"disconnection of heaven from earth",and the unity of heaven and human with virtue and introverted transcendence of Duke Zhou and Confucius.