中国生物多样性保护政策的共同要素、不足和优化建议

Common elements,deficiencies,and optimization suggestions of biodiversity conservation policies in China

中央政府已经推出了多项生物多样性保护政策,对全面提升生物多样性保护水平起到了良好的规范作用,但是关于生物多样性保护的内容规定相对宏观。对此,部分地方政府相继出台了各自的生物多样性保护政策。通过梳理40份地方生物多样性保护政策的文本内容发现:(1)各地政策的共同要素包括调查、监测、评估,优化保护空间,监督管理和保障措施;(2)部分省市的规定具有一定的特色,为生物多样性保护提供了具体的实施方案;(3)多数省市的政策还存在着调查、监测、评估避重就轻,保护与发展对立思路主导空间划定,监督管理措施相对单一,保障措施缺乏针对性和有效性。基于此,建议未来完善生物多样性保护政策时考虑:(1)建立有效的生物多样性调查、监测、评估机制;(2)生物资源保护空间划定融入可持续发展理念;(3)构建多元完善的生物多样性监督管理机制;(4)因地制宜建立完善保障措施。

Background&Aim:China has formulated policies for biodiversity conservation,which have helped to advance and normalize biodiversity conservation on a broad scale.However,the national biodiversity conservation provisions are somewhat ambiguous,and certain municipal governments have subsequently released their own biodiversity protection policies.This paper aims to review the common elements and deficiencies in biodiversity conservation policies in China.It suggests improvements based on the current situation of biodiversity conservation in China.Review results:By analyzing 40 biodiversity conservation policy documents,we draw the following conclusions:(1)Research,monitoring,assessment,conservation space optimization,oversight,governance,and safeguard measures are common components found in the selected biodiversity conservation policy texts.(2)Some provincial and municipal biodiversity protection regulations have their own characteristics and provide specific implementation plans for biodiversity protection.(3)The majority of province-level and city-level biodiversity conservation policies face issues with evasive monitoring,assessment,and investigation;conflicting views on balancing development and conservation over spatial demarcation;relatively homogenous supervisory and governance measures;and a deficiency of relevant and practical safeguards.Recommendations:It is suggested that the following factors should be addressed when modifying and strengthening biodiversity conservation policies in the future;(1)Establishing an effective biodiversity inquiry,monitoring,and assessment mechanism;(2)Integrating the principle of sustainable development into the spatial delineation of biological resources conservation;(3)Developing a multifaceted and comprehensive biodiversity monitoring and governance mechanism;and(4)To create and improve safeguards that are relevant to the local circumstances.