我国野生动物肇事公众责任保险:发展模式、现实困境与优化策略

Chinese public liability insurance for wildlife accidents:Development models,realistic dilemmas,and optimization strategy

野生动物保护是维护生物多样性及可持续利用自然资源的关键举措,构建以野生动物肇事公众责任保险为核心的风险保障体系,对于维护生态系统稳定以及促进人与自然和谐共生具有重要价值。本文选择希腊、美国、意大利、加拿大、巴基斯坦等国家的不同类型野生动物肇事保险项目进行分析比较和经验借鉴,系统梳理了我国野生动物肇事公众责任保险的发展模式和典型案例,针对我国野生动物肇事保险现实困境与优化策略进行深入探讨。研究发现,我国野生动物肇事保险尚未形成统一的、符合我国国情和地区实际需要的保险产品体系,各地保险试点过程中面临保费筹集困难、业务模式应用受限、保险体系尚未完善、定价机制不够合理、查勘定损程序繁琐以及科技应用水平有限等诸多制约因素。因此,亟需尽快构建央地保费补贴联动机制、探索适合全国范围应用的发展模式、优化保险产品体系、建立动态定价机制、制定查勘定损标准以及提高保险科技应用水平。

Background&Aims:Wildlife conservation is a key measure to maintain biodiversity and sustainable use of natural resources,and the construction of a risk protection system with public liability insurance for wildlife accidents as the core is of great value for maintaining the stability of the ecosystem and promoting the harmonious coexistence of man and nature.This paper selects different types of wildlife accident insurance projects in Greece,the United States,Italy,Canada,Pakistan and other countries for analysis and comparison,and systematically sorts out the development model and typical cases of public liability insurance for wildlife accidents in China,and conducts in-depth discussions on the realistic dilemmas and optimization strategy of wildlife accident insurance in China.Review results:It is found that China’s wildlife accident insurance has not yet formed a unified insurance product system that meets China’s national conditions and the actual needs of regions,and many constraints are faced in the process of insurance pilot in various regions,such as difficulties in raising premiums,limited application of business models,imperfect insurance system,unreasonable pricing mechanism,cumbersome investigation and damage assessment procedures,and limited level of technology application.Suggestions&Perspective:Therefore,it is urgent to build a linkage mechanism for premium subsidies between the central and local governments as soon as possible,explore a development model suitable for nationwide application,optimize the insurance product system,establish a dynamic pricing mechanism,formulate survey and loss assessment standards,and improve the level of insurance technology application.