后现代主义文学的理论根源

The theoretical roots of postmodernist literature

后现代主义文学所要表现的现实——后工业社会、消费社会、媒介社会、文化全球化——是一种极为复杂的多元的世界,一个超真实的世界。在这样的世界里,人被异化为物,被现代人文主义虚构为万物尺度的人死了。这种后现代现实需要人们用多元的理论视角来观察、解释,因此后现代主义文学从多重理论视角来揭示后现代现实,其理论根源包括:发展的解释学;法兰克福学派、海德格尔对西方哲学的激烈批判及其关于“存在”“语言”的学说;尼采的非理性主义和非道德主义观点;现代西方哲学中的反形而上学倾向等。

An extremely complex and pluralistic world,a hyperreal world,arises from postmodern literature attempting to express post-industrial society,consumer society,media society and cultural globalization.In such a world,people are alienated into things,while the man invented by modern humanism as the measure of all things has died.People are required to observe and explain this kind of postmodern realities from multiple theoretical perspectives,and postmodern literature also describes the complexity and plurality of postmodern realities in the form of multiple changes.Postmodern literature reveals postmodern realitieswith diverse theoretical stances.The theoretical roots of postmodern literature in clude the hermeneutics of development,textualism from Frankfurt School,Wittgenstein’s later philosophy of language,Heidegger’s vehement criticism of Western philosophy and his theory of“being”and“language”,Nietzsche’s irrationalism and amoralism and anti-metaphysical tendency in modern western philosophy.Therefore,postmodernist literary criticism needs to explain the texts of postmodernist literature and the underlying postmodern realities from multiple theoretical perspectives.