人机协同影响就业质量的机理探寻与实证检验

Exploration and Empirical Test of the Mechanism of Human-machine Collaboration Impact on Employment Quality

人机协同模式是一种结合人类智能和人工智能的新型工作方式,是技术进步与人力资本的有效融合,对劳动就业产生了深远影响。一项聚焦劳动者对就业质量的主观评价性的研究,以271名已落地人工智能技术或设备的企业员工为样本,以人机协同程度为自变量,构建被调节的链式中介模型,从微观层面考察劳动者对人工智能应用的情感体验和认知态度。研究发现,人机协同程度有助于提高劳动者对就业质量的主观评价,这一机制主要通过自我效能感和职业适应力的中介作用实现,且工作自主性显著调节以上作用路径。表明智能化工作环境下不同属性的因素在影响劳动者对就业质量主观评价方面存在不同的机制和传导路径,且在这一智能化工作环境下,工作自主性作为工作特征,权变影响着劳动者对就业质量的主观评价。因此,完善法规体系、出台相关政策规范就业结构,织密社会保障网络、兜牢民生保障底线,加大宣传与普及力度、引导劳动者树立正确认知,可形成和谐互补的人机关系,防范化解潜在失业风险,提升劳动者的获得感和满意度,实现人工智能技术进步与就业规模和结构的良性耦合。

The human-machine collaboration mode is a new working mode that combines human intelligence and artificial intelligence.It is an effective integration of technological progress and human capital,and has a profound impact on labor employment.This study,focusing on workers'subjective evaluation of employment quality,taking 271 employees who have implemented artificial intelligence technology or equipment as samples,using human-machine collaboration degree as independent variable,builds a regulated chain intermediary model,and examines workers'emotional experience and cognitive attitude towards artificial intelligence application from a micro level.It is found that the degree of human-machine collaboration helps to improve worker job satisfaction,which is mainly achieved through the indirect effect of self-efficacy and career adaptability,and work autonomy significantly moderates the above pathways.This indicates that in intelligent work environment,factors with different attributes have different impact mechanisms and transmission pathways for workers'subjective evaluation of employment quality,and that work autonomy,as a work characteristic,has a variable impact on it.Therefore,by improving the legal system to introduce relevant policies to standardize the employment structure,weaving dense social security networks to secure the bottom line of people's livelihood,and increasing publicity and popularization to guide workers to establish correct cognition,we can form a harmonious and complementary human-machine relationship,prevent and resolve potential unemployment risks,improve workers'sense of gain and satisfaction,and achieve a benign coupling between the progress of artificial intelligence technology and the scale and structure of employment.