路与庙:空间失序与秩序重构的文化逻辑——基于319国道吉首段沿线村落的个案研究

Road and Temple:The Cultural Logic of Spatial Disorder and Order Reconstruction——Based on a Case Study of Villages along National Highway 319 in Jishou

道路不是静止和固定不变的,它包含复杂的行动网络。道路基础设施所建构的现代性中隐藏着空间失序的风险,而庙宇及相关仪式活动成为消解这种风险的一种地方性策略。国道的快速流动等因素造成车祸事故的频发,从而使得事故频发的路段具有了“邪”性气息。文化作为趋利避害的工具,被巧妙地运用于修正村落空间秩序,并在“路”与“庙”的关系中得到充分体现。在“邪地”上修建孟公庙的行为反映了人们试图将现代社会中那些不可控的内容纳入到自己熟悉的文化脉络中予以理解,生动地展现出了传统和现代文化交织的过程。在本质上看,“邪”是对巧合、恐惧和失序的感觉经验,它具有不祥、污秽和危险的文化意涵。人们控制“邪地”的行为是一种秩序重构的表现,“路—庙”体系包含了“正”“邪”转换的文化逻辑,构建起了一套道路上的文化景观。

The road is not static and fixed;it contains a complex network of action.The risk of spatial disorder is hidden in the modernity constructed by road infrastructure,and temples and related ceremonial activities have become a local strategy to eliminate this risk.The rapid flow of the national highway and other factors lead to the frequent traffic accidents,which gives an"evil"flavor to thepaces with frequent accidents.As a tool to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages,culture is skillfully used to modify the spatial order of villages,and is fully reflected in the relationship between"road"and"temple".The construction of Menggong Temple(Menggong being a god related to road)on the evil places reflects that people are trying to put the uncontrollable contents of modern society into their own familiar cultural context for understanding,presenting a process of interweaving traditional and modern culture.In essence,evil is the feeling experience of coincidence,fear and disorder,and it has ominous,filthy and dangerous cultural meaning;people's control of the behavior of evil places is a manifestation of order reconstruction,and the"road-temple"system contains the cultural logic of the transformation between good and evil,and constructs a set of cultural landscape on the road.