数字劳动的主体性悖论及其超越——基于马克思劳动哲学视角的分析

The Subjectivity Paradox of Digital Labor and Its Transcendence:Based on the Perspective of Marx's Labor Philosophy

从马克思劳动哲学视角来看,数字劳动具有劳动主体客体化和客体主体化的双向辩证特性。在主体客体化层面,数字劳动主体尽管能够能动地改造对象性客观世界,但是还力求摆脱数字资本定向、控制和管理,期望在一定程度上实现主体自由和创新的自觉意识和实践能力;在客体主体化层面,数字资本主体性虽然客观地需要数字劳动展现其主体自由,但却通过占有和挪用数字劳动主体的能动实践和社会关系结构而使得数字劳动主体产生异化。上述构成了数字劳动主体和数字资本主体的内在逻辑和矛盾张力,其结果是导致数字劳动存在着主体性悖论。因此,其超越路径内在于资本主体的自身界限和限制,外显于数字劳动和数字劳动者主体意识的双向建构过程。这种基于马克思劳动哲学关于人的个性解放和自由全面发展的阐释,既能揭示当代数字资本主体性实践的虚伪面纱,也能为坚持马克思劳动价值论提供理论支撑。

From the perspective of Marx's labor philosophy,digital labor has the two-way dialectical characteristics of objectification of labor subject and subjectification of object.At the level of subject objectification,although the subject of digital labor can actively transform the objective world,it still strives to get rid of the orientation,control and management of digital capital,and expects to realize the subject's conscious consciousness and practical ability of freedom and innovation to a certain extent.At the object subjectification level,the subjectivity of digital capital not only needs digital labor to show its subjective freedom objectively,but also causes the alienation of digital labor subject by occupying and appropriating the active practice and social relationship structure of digital labor subject.The above constitute the internal logic and contradictory tension of the digital labor subject and the digital capital subject,and the result is the paradox of the subjectivity of digital labor.Therefore,its transcendental path lies in the capital subject's own limits and restrictions,and manifests in the two-way construction process of digital labor and digital laborer subject consciousness.This theoretical interpretation of human personality liberation and free and comprehensive development based on Marx's labor philosophy is not only the objective need to reveal the hypocrisy of contemporary digital capital subjectivity practice,but also the urgent need to adhere to Marx's labor theory of value.