人工智能“逐案设法”治理模式的优化

The"Case-by-Case Lawmaking"Governance of Artificial Intelligence:Problems and Optimization

面对人工智能技术迭代浪潮,我国倾向于针对特定技术出台“定制型”规范。这种“逐案设法”以多个部门联合制定的部门规章作为治理载体,能够迅速使新兴领域实现“有法可依”,但存在着规制范围重合、规制内容冲突及立法资源浪费等问题。“逐案设法”反映出行政主管部门的技术风险焦虑,是“万事皆有法式”传统理念的再现。为此,需要摒弃“零风险”的规制目标与“法律万能主义”的思维程式,优先借助行政指导、企业承诺及行业标准等柔性治理方式。立法过程应着重解决事物新特性与传统监管手段“不匹配”问题,通过引入立法评估促进规范的动态调整,以应对技术的快速发展与更新迭代。

In response to the rapid iteration of AI technologies,China has tended to adopt a'small incision"legislative approach for specific technologies and their application areas,resulting in"customized"norms.This"case-by-case legislation"are characterized by departmental regulations jointly formulated by multiple departments,ensuring that emerging fields have legal backing.However,"case-by-case legislation"lacks the necessary justification,and is likely to lead to overlap in the scope of regulation,redundant legal concepts,conflicting regulatory content,and wasteful legislative resources.The case-by-case legislation reflects the technological risk anxieties of administrative departments,a reiteration of the traditional"law for every scenario"ideology.To address this,it is imperative to abandon the"zero-risk"regulatory goal and the"omnipotence of law"mindset,making use of"soft law"such as administrative guidance,corporate commitments,industry standards,etc.The"case-by-case approach"should focus on exploring and solving the problem of"mismatch"between the new characteristics of the matter and the traditional means of regulation.Legislative evaluation should be introduced to encourage dynamic adjustments and optimization of norms,to cope with the rapid development and iteration of AI technologies.