奥运马拉松到大众化城市马拉松的嬗变研究

Research on Transmutation from Olympic Marathon to Popular City Marathon

基于亨普尔发生学解释理论,以普遍联系、可解释嬗变事实、无解释嬗变信息三大嬗变构成因素为分析框架,对奥运竞技性马拉松到大众化城市马拉松的嬗变过程予以解析。研究认为:兴起于现代奥林匹克运动的竞技性马拉松,在向当代大众化综合性城市马拉松的嬗变过程中不断与时俱进,通过城市场域的开辟,嬗变为早期竞技性城市马拉松;通过赛道的改线、城市文化的融合,实现了赛事空间上的城市马拉松的全球化发展;性别隔离的打破、参与群体的增设,实现了赛事参与主体上城市马拉松的大众化发展;娱乐化、产业化等因素的融入,大众化城市马拉松朝向综合化发展,赛事内涵更加丰富多元。奥运竞技性马拉松到大众化城市马拉松共经历4次嬗变,嬗变过程中各发生学要素相互影响、共同作用,呈动态平衡式发展,随嬗变阶段推进而不断演化。其中,奥运竞技马拉松到城市化的发展和专业竞技到大众化发展是马拉松运动发展质的飞跃。

Based on Hempel’s Genetic Explanation Theory,this paper analyzes the evolution process from Olym⁃pic competitive marathon to popular city marathon by taking nomic connection,facts about the given stage and the adduced without explanation as frame of analysis.The research points out that the competitive marathon,which originated from the modern Olympic movement,keeps advancing with the times in the evolution process to the mod⁃ern mass comprehensive city marathon and changes into the early competitive city marathon via the development of urban fields;through the change of route and the integration of urban culture,the global development of city mara⁃thon in race space is realized.The breaking of gender segregation and the addition of participating groups have real⁃ized the popularization development of city marathon in race entrants.With the integration of entertainment,indus⁃trialization and other factors,the popular city marathon is moving towards comprehensive development,and the connotation of the event is more diversified.From Olympic competitive marathon to popular city marathon,the pro⁃cess has undergone four evolution stages.In the process,the genetic elements influence each other and work together,showing a dynamic and balanced development and evolving constantly with the evolution stages,among which the development from Olympic competitive to city marathon and that from professional to popular competi⁃tion are the qualitative leap in marathon development.