水稻耐极端高温育种研究进展

Research Progress of Rice Breeding for Extreme Heat Tolerance

厄尔尼诺与拉尼娜现象导致全球极端天气频发,使我国水稻安全生产面临新的挑战。筛选、鉴定、创制耐极端高温水稻种质资源,培育耐热性强的水稻新品种是解决这一问题的可靠途径。对水稻耐高温育种现状进行了综述,分析当前耐高温育种研究所面临的困难与问题,结合多年的育种实践,提出了水稻耐极端高温概念,研创出耐极端高温鉴定育种技术体系;提出了耐高温基因的鉴定需与实际生产相结合,并利用耐高温基因加性效应培育多基因聚合的耐极端高温水稻新品种的策略。运用该策略与技术体系,筛选出耐极端高温且米质优良的恢复系5份(7W1446、5W0373、X233、X155、粤早香)和不育系4份(J2340S、599S、368S、天511S),具有较大育种应用价值。

The phenomenon of El Niño and La Niña leads to frequent extreme weather in the world,which makes the safe production of rice in China face new challenges.The reliable way to solve this problem is to select,identify and create germplasm resources of rice resistant to extreme high temperature and develop new rice varieties with strong heat resistance.The current situation of rice breeding for heat tolerance was reviewed,and the difficulties and problems faced in the breeding of heat tolerance were analyzed.Based on years of breeding practice,the concept of extreme heat tolerance in rice was put forward,and the breeding technology system for identifying extreme heat tolerance was developed.It is suggested that the identification of heat tolerance genes should be combined with practical production,and the strategy of developing new rice varieties with multiple heat tolerance genes and extreme heat tolerance should be adopted by using the additive effect of heat tolerance genes.Five restorer lines(7W1446,5W0373,X233,X155,Yuezaoxiang)and four sterile lines(J2340S,599S,368S,Tian 511S)with both extreme heat tolerance and excellent grain quality were selected by using this strategy and technical system,which has a great application value in breeding.