金融科技与银行脆弱性——基于外源性金融科技和内部数字化转型视角

Fintech and Bank Vulnerability:From the Perspective of Exogenous Fintech and Internal Digital Transformation

在系统性金融风险日益严峻的背景下,分析金融科技与银行脆弱性的关系,审视金融科技能否与商业银行有效融合,这对于推进商业银行数字化转型、防范系统性金融风险具有重要意义。研究运用2012—2020年银行、城市层面数据,基于内外双重视角分析外源性金融科技和银行内部数字化转型对银行脆弱性的影响。研究发现,外源性金融科技和银行内部数字化转型主要通过改善银行存贷款结构和信贷质量显著降低银行脆弱性,其对农村商业银行脆弱性的降低程度明显高于城市商业银行,且外源性金融科技能够通过技术溢出效应促进银行内部数字化转型。进一步研究发现,外源性金融科技能够降低银行系统性风险,但边际作用逐渐减弱。在银行内部数字化转型初期,其对银行系统性风险无显著抑制作用,随着银行内部数字化转型的不断推进,其对银行系统性风险的抑制作用逐渐显现并呈现边际作用增强态势。因此,银行要合理规划金融科技发展战略,抓住数字化转型机遇,引导金融科技良性发展。

Under the background of increasingly severe prevention and control of systemic financial risks,in order to promote the digital transformation process of commercial banks and prevent the outbreak of systemic financial risks,it is of great importance to analyze the relationship between fintech and the vulnerability of banks and to examine whether the fintech can integrate perfectly with commercial banks.This paper makes use of the data of banks and cities from 2012 to 2020 to analyze the impact of external fintech and internal digital transformation of banks on the vulnerability of banks from both the internal and external perspectives.The findings show that exogenous fintech and bank internal digital transformation can significantly reduce the bank vulnerability mainly through improving the deposit and loan structure and the credit quality of banks.The degree of reduction in the vulnerability of rural commercial banks is significantly higher than that of urban commercial banks,and the exogenous fintech can promote bank internal digital transformation through the technology spillover effect.It is further found that the exogenous fintech can reduce the systemic risks of banks,but the marginal effect gradually weakens.And in the early stage of the development of the internal digital transformation of banks,there was no significant inhibitory effect on the systemic risks of banks.With the continuous advancement of the internal digital transformation of banks,its inhibitory effect on the systemic risks of banks gradually emerged and showed an enhanced marginal effect.Therefore,banks should rationally plan the fintech development strategy,fully grasp the opportunities of digital transformation,and guide the benign development of fintech.