有机肥配施化肥对柔毛淫羊藿产量和品质的影响

Effect of combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and quality of Epimedium pubescens

探究不同比例有机肥和化肥配施对柔毛淫羊藿产量和品质的影响,为柔毛淫羊藿的高产优质栽培提供科学的施肥依据。该试验采用田间小区试验,以CK(不施肥)为对照,设置5个不同比例有机肥和化肥配施处理组,OF0(100%化肥)、OF25(25%有机肥配施)、OF50(50%有机肥配施)、OF75(75%有机肥配施)和OF100(100%有机肥),测定不同施肥模式对柔毛淫羊藿农艺性状、产量、有效成分含量、养分积累量及土壤理化的影响,并采用CRITIC权重法对药材产量及品质进行综合评价。结果发现各施肥处理药材产量均较CK显著增加,尽管各有机肥配施化肥处理产量略低于OF0处理,但无显著差异,表明有机肥配施化肥可以保证药材产量。随着有机肥配比的提高,药效成分朝藿定A、朝藿定B和朝藿定C呈先增后降趋势,以OF25处理含量最高,淫羊藿苷则呈不断上升趋势,以OF100处理最佳,但总体来说,总黄酮醇苷ABCI以OF25处理积累最多。CRITIC法结果显示药材情况综合得分前三的施肥处理为OF25、OF50、OF75。有机肥配施化肥有利于提高土壤的持肥能力和供肥能力,土壤指标以OF100处理最优,土壤酶活以OF75处理活性最高,同时有机肥配施化肥有助于植株对养分的吸收积累,以OF25处理促进最明显。综合不同比例有机肥配施化肥对柔毛淫羊藿产量、有效成分含量及养分积累量等指标,建议在柔毛淫羊藿生产中第一年采用25%比例(7 500 kg·hm^(-2))的有机肥和化肥配施,以促进柔毛淫羊藿产业增产提质。

To investigate the effects of different ratios of organic and chemical fertilizers on the yield and quality of Epimedium pubescens,so as to provide a scientific basis for the fertilization of high-yield and high-quality E.pubescens cultivation.In this experiment,a field plot test was conducted,and CK(without fertilizer)was set as the control group,with five treatment groups with different ratios of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers set up,namely OF0(100%chemical fertilizers),OF25(25%organic fertilizers),OF50(50%organic fertilizers),OF75(75%organic fertilizers),and OF100(100%organic fertilizers).The effects of different fertilization patterns on the agronomic traits,yield,effective component content,nutrient accumulation,and soil physicochemical properties of E.pubescens were determined,and the yield and quality of the medicinal herb were comprehensively evaluated by using the CRITIC weights method.It was found that the herb yield of each treatment group was significantly increased compared with the CK group,although the yield of the groups with both organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer was slightly lower than that of OF0.However,there was no significant difference,which indicated that the organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer could ensure the herb yield.With the increase in organic fertilizer ratios,the medicinal components epimedin A,epimedin B,and epimedin C showed a tendency of first increasing and then decreasing,with the highest content in the OF25,while icariin showed a rising trend,with the best in the OF100.However,overall,the total flavonol glycosides ABCI accumulated the most in the OF25.The results of the CRITIC method showed that the top three fertilization treatments in terms of the comprehensive scores of the medicinal herb were OF25,OF50,and OF75.Organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer is conducive to improving the soil′s fertilizer holding and supply capacity,and the soil indexes are optimal in OF100.The soil enzyme activity is the highest in OF75.Meanwhile,organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer can help the plant′s uptake and accumulation of nutrients,and OF25 shows the most obvious effect.By comprehensively considering the influence of different ratios of organic and chemical fertilizers on the yield,effective component content,nutrient accumulation,and other indexes of E.pubescens,it is recommended that a 25%ratio(7500 kg·hm^(-2))of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers should be used in E.pubescens production in the first year,so as to promote the E.pubescens industry to increase yield and improve quality.