不同初加工方式对太白贝母性状及化学成分的影响

Effect of different initial processing treatments on commercial characters and chemical components of Fritillaria taipaiensis

为探究不同初加工方式对太白贝母品质的影响,该研究分别考察了防褐变处理、干燥方式和干燥温度对太白贝母性状、色度和生物碱及核苷类成分的影响,并通过相关性分析(CA)、主成分分析(PCA)和层次聚类分析(HCA)对结果进行综合评价。与直接干燥(WD60)组相比,刮去外皮(FHB1)组和拌石灰粉(FHB2)组的色度值ΔE^(*)显著降低,可降低褐变程度;拌原生土(FHB3)组和FHB2组的总生物碱含量无明显变化,5%NaClO溶液漂洗(FHB4)组的总生物碱含量最低。与恒温鼓风干燥(WD50)组相比,冷冻干燥(FS6)组和减压干燥(FS5)组ΔE^(*)显著降低,总生物碱含量升高;阴干(FS1)组和晒干(FS2)组的ΔE^(*)显著增加,褐变严重,总生物碱含量降低;热泵干燥(FS4)组的总生物碱含量变化不大,ΔE^(*)显著降低,褐变程度轻,商品性状佳。在40~80℃,鼓风干燥的样品总生物碱含量呈先升后降趋势,70℃时最高;高温下(70~80℃)ΔE^(*)更小,褐变程度轻,但质地紧实,粉性不足。CA表明,尿嘧啶含量与太白贝母色度值关系显著(P<0.05);PCA和HCA结果可视化地展现了不同处理组样品间的聚类关系。综合分析表明拌石灰鼓风干燥及50~60℃鼓风干燥更适合于大生产,热泵干燥可作为未来推广发展的方向。该研究为优选太白贝母产地加工方法提供了科学依据。

To investigate the effects of different initial processing methods on the quality of Fritillaria taipaiensis,this study explored the effects of anti-browning treatment,drying methods,and drying temperatures on the commercial characters,chromaticity values,and alkaloid and nucleoside components of Fritillariae Taipaiensis Bulbus.The results were comprehensively evaluated through correlation analysis(CA),principal component analysis(PCA),and hierarchical clustering analysis(HCA).Compared with those of the direct drying group(WD60),the chromaticity values(ΔE^(∗))of the groups with scraped outer skin(FHB1)and mixed lime powder treatments(FHB2)were significantly reduced,indicating the inhibition of the browning process.The total alkaloid content of the group with mixed raw soil treatment(FHB3)and the FHB2 group showed no significant change,whereas that of the group with 5%NaClO solution rinse treatment(FHB4)was the lowest.Compared with air-blast dried(WD50)samples,theΔE^(∗)values of freezedried(FS6)and vacuum-dried(FS5)samples were significantly decreased,with an increase in total alkaloid contents.Conversely,theΔE^(∗)values of shade-dried(FS1)and sun-dried(FS2)samples were significantly increased,with severe browning and low total alkaloid contents.The total alkaloid contents of heat-pump-dried(FS4)samples showed no significant change,and theirΔE^(∗)value was significantly decreased,with a light degree of browning and favorable commercial characters.The total alkaloid content of air-blast dried samples initially increased and then decreased within the range of 40-80℃,and the highest content was recorded at 70℃.TheΔE^(∗)values of high-temperature air-blast dried samples(70-80℃)were smaller with a light degree of browning,whereas their texture was compact and lacked powder.CA revealed a significant relationship between the uracil content and chromaticity value of the samples(P<0.05).The clustering relationships among samples subjected to different treatments were visualized via PCA and HCA.The results showed that FHB2 and air-blast drying(50-60℃)were more suitable for large-scale production,and heat pump drying could be a promising direction for future development.This study provides a scientific basis for optimizing the initial processing methods of Fritillaria taipaiensis.