挑战-阻碍性压力和工作家庭冲突对眼科护士职业紧张的影响

Impact of challenge hindrance stress and work family conflict on occupational stress of ophthalmic nurses

目的探讨挑战-阻碍性压力和工作家庭冲突对眼科护士职业紧张的影响。方法采用方便抽样法,于2022年4—6月抽取恩施土家族苗族自治州12家综合医院眼科220名护士作为调查对象,采用一般情况调查表、挑战-阻碍性压力量表、工作家庭冲突量表和职业紧张量表进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果眼科护士挑战性工作压力得分为(22.36±5.62)分,阻碍性工作压力得分为(14.65±4.74)分,工作家庭冲突得分为(56.22±12.28)分,职业紧张得分为(364.95±72.47)分。不同年龄、工龄、职称和每月夜班次数的眼科护士挑战性压力、阻碍性压力、工作家庭冲突及职业紧张得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);不同婚姻状况、月收入、编制情况和子女个数的眼科护士阻碍性压力、工作家庭冲突得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);不同学历的眼科护士挑战性压力、阻碍性压力得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);不同性别、婚姻状况、月收入的眼科护士挑战性压力得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。眼科护士挑战性工作压力得分与职业紧张得分呈负相关(r=-0.568,P<0.01),阻碍性工作压力得分与职业紧张得分呈正相关(r=0.602,P<0.01),工作家庭冲突得分与职业紧张得分呈正相关(r=0.571,P<0.01),挑战性工作压力得分与工作家庭冲突得分呈负相关(r=-0.528,P<0.01),阻碍性工作压力得分与工作家庭冲突得分呈正相关(r=0.542,P<0.01)。分层回归分析结果显示,挑战性压力、阻碍性压力和工作家庭冲突可联合解释眼科护士职业紧张30.60%的变异。结论恩施土家族苗族自治州12家综合医院112名眼科护士职业紧张程度较高,挑战性压力、阻碍性压力和工作家庭冲突与职业紧张密切相关,降低眼科护士阻碍性压力水平、工作家庭冲突水平和提高挑战性压力水平有助于降低其职业紧张程度。

Objective To explore the impact of challenge hindrance stress and work family conflict on occupational stress of ophthalmic nurses.Methods The convenient sampling method was adopted.A total of 220 nurses in ophthalmology department from 12 general hospitals in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture from April to June 2022 were selected as the survey objects.The general situation questionnaire,challenge hindrance stress scale,work family conflict scale and occupational stress scale were used to investigate and the data were analyzed.Results The score of challenging work stress of ophthalmic nurses was(22.36±5.62)points,the score of obstructive work stress was(14.65±4.74)points,the score of work family conflict was(56.22±12.28)points,the score of occupational stress was(364.95±72.47)points.There were significant differences in the scores of challenge stress,obstructive stress,work family conflict and occupational stress among ophthalmic nurse of different ages,working years,professional titles and monthly night shifts(all P<0.05).The scores of ophthalmic nurses with different marital status,monthly income,staffing status and number of children on obstructive stress and work family conflict were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The scores of ophthalmic nurses with different educational background on challenging stress and obstructive stress were statistically significant(both P<0.05).The scores of challenge stress among ophthalmic nurses with different gender,marital status and monthly income were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The challenging work stress score of ophthalmic nurses was negatively correlated with occupational stress score(r=-0.568,P<0.01),while the obstructive work stress score and work family conflict score were positively correlated with occupational stress score(r=0.602,0.571,both P<0.01).The score of work family conflict among ophthalmic nurses was negatively correlated with the score of challenging work stress(r=-0.528,P<0.01),and positively correlated with the score of obstructive work stress(r=0.542,P<0.01).Hierarchical regression analysis showed that challenge stress,obstructive stress and work family conflict could jointly explain 30.60%of the variation of occupational stress among ophthalmic nurses.Conclusion Ophthalmic nurses in 12 general hospitals in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture have a high degree of occupational stress.Challenging stress,obstructive stress and work family conflict are closely related to occupational stress.Reducing the levels of obstructive stress and work family conflict among ophthalmic nurses,as well as increasing the level of challenging stress will help to reduce their occupational stress.