2004—2022年梧州市病毒性肝炎流行病学特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis in Wuzhou City from 2004-2022

目的分析2004—2022年梧州市病毒性肝炎的流行病学特点,为下一步制订病毒性肝炎防治方略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2004—2022年梧州市病毒性肝炎疫情资料进行统计分析。结果2004—2022年梧州市共报告病毒性肝炎89609例,年平均报告发病率为158.20/10万,死亡率为0.12/10万,且各年度病毒性肝炎发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7193.41,P<0.01)。主要报告是乙型肝炎,丙型肝炎次之,全年均有发病,但无明显的发病季节和高峰;男女性别发病比2.08∶1,男性发病率明显高于女性,且差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=310.00,P<0.01);发病年龄集中在20~60岁,占总病例数的84.36%;农民是高发职业,占67.36%,家政、家务和待业紧随其后,占6.74%。结论2004—2022年梧州市病毒性肝炎疫情总体呈上升趋势,今后须重点预防和控制乙型肝炎,做好预防性免疫规划工作。要加强对医疗机构医务人员诊断规范内容的培训,提高诊断符合率,减少错报、误报,加大重点人群甲型肝炎、戊型肝炎疫苗接种的推广力度和宣传教育。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis in Wuzhou City from 2004-2022,provide scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and treatment strategies for viral hepatitis.Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic data of viral hepatitis in Wuzhou City from 2004-2022.Results From 2004-2022,a total of 89609 cases of viral hepatitis were reported in Wuzhou City.The average annual reported incidence rate was 158.20/100000,and the mortality rate was 0.12/100000.There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of viral hepatitis among different years(χ^(2)=7193.41,P<0.01).The main report disease was hepatitis B,followed by hepatitis C.The disease occurred throughout the year,but there was no obvious onset season and peak.The ratio of male to female was 2.08∶1,the incidence of male was significantly higher than that of female,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=310.00,P<0.01).The age of onset was concentrated in the 20-60 age group,accounting for 84.36%of the total number of cases.The farmers were the high incidence occupation,accounting for 67.36%,followed by housekeeping,housework and unemployment,accounting for 6.74%.Conclusions The epidemic situation of viral hepatitis in Wuzhou City from 2004-2022 showed an overall upward trend.In the future,it is still necessary to focus on the prevention and control of hepatitis B,and improve the prevention immunization planning.At the same time,it is necessary to strengthen the training of diagnostic specifications among medical staff in medical institutions,improve the diagnostic coincidence rate,reduce the occurrence of misreporting,increase the promotion of hepatitis A and hepatitis E vaccination in key populations,and increase publicity and education.