中美贸易共生关系的测度与优化——基于第三方市场视角

Measurement and Optimization of the Symbiotic Relationship in China-US Trade--From the Perspective of Third-party Market

中美经贸关系不仅涉及双边利益,还是全球贸易网络的重要组成部分。本文利用2001—2021年中国和美国对世界125个第三方贸易伙伴的双边贸易数据,将中美贸易共生关系分解为融合性、互补性、依存性与竞争性四个维度,并进行测度与数据分析。测度结果显示,中国正在通过中间品贸易与东盟形成新的产业分工格局,借由第三方市场与美国建立间接共生关系;中国与亚洲市场的贸易互补性和依存性下降,表现为与日韩共生程度的降低,与东盟的上升。最后,从关键零部件科技自立自强、深化东亚地区供应链体系等方面,提出了中美贸易共生关系优化的相关建议,以供参考。

China-US economic and trade relations not only concern bilateral interests but also constitute a vital component of the global trade network.This paper utilizes bilateral trade data between China and the United States,encompassing 125 third-party trading partners from 2001 to 2021,to decompose the symbiotic relationship between the two countries into four dimensions:integration,complementarity,dependence,and competitiveness.The study includes measurement and data analysis.The measurement results show that China is establishing a new industrial division of labor with ASEAN through intermediate trade and indirectly symbiotic relations with the U.S.via third-party markets;China's trade complementarity and dependence with the Asian market is decreasing,with a decrease in symbiosis with Japan and South Korea and an increase with ASEAN.Finally,suggestions for optimizing the symbiotic relationship between the two countries from the perspectives of technological self-reliance in key components and deepening the supply chain system in East Asia are proposed for reference.