DGS1 improves rice disease resistance by elevating pathogenassociated molecular pattern-triggered immunity

Rice yield and disease resistance are two crucial factors in determining the suitability of a gene for agricultural breeding.Decreased grain size1(DGS1),encoding an RING-type E3 ligase,has been found to have a positive effect on rice yield by regulating rice grain number and 1000-grain weight.However,the role of DGS1 in rice blast resistance is still unknown.In this study,we report that DGS1 enhances disease resistance by improving PTI responses,including stronger ROS burst and MAPK activation,and also increased expression of defense-related genes.Furthermore,DGS1 works in conjunction with ubiquitin conjugating enzyme OsUBC45 as an E2-E3 pair to facilitate the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of OsGSK3 and OsPIP2;1,thereby influencing rice yield and immunity,respectively.Therefore,the DGS1-OsUBC45 module has the potential in facilitating rice agricultural breeding.