基于专利信息的竞争对手识别框架构建与实证研究

Construction and Empirical Study of Competitive Identification Framework Based on Patent Information

[目的/意义]丰富新形势下竞争情报战略中的竞争对手识别方法,为企业在复杂多变的市场竞争环境中制定技术竞争战略提供决策支撑。[方法/过程]文章以专利作为数据源,构建一套竞争对手识别框架,并进行实证研究。首先,基于LDA模型识别目标企业自身主要技术研发方向,并确定候选对手企业集合;其次,构建基于技术与市场相似性的二维战略坐标,将目标企业候选对手组合划分为直接、间接、潜在竞争对手;最后,引入基于专利组合分析的专利强度指标,测度目标企业同对手企业间的技术竞争差距,研判相对竞争局势。文章以智能网联汽车领域的阿波罗智联(北京)科技有限公司为目标企业展开实证。[结果/结论]基于本文所构建的竞争对手识别框架,共识别出该公司竞争对手5个,囊括3种类型。同时,实现了在各主要技术研发方向下,对目标企业与竞争对手间相对竞争局势的分析。实证结果表明,文章所构建的框架充分考虑了企业自身技术资源禀赋、与竞争对手间的差距,能够精准满足企业识别竞争对手的诉求,具有较好应用前景。

[Purpose/significance]To enrich the identification methods of competitors in competitive intelligence strategies under the new situation,and provide decision support for enterprises to formulate technology competition strategies in complex and ever-changing market competition environments.[Method/process]This article using patents as data sources,construct a framework for identifying competitors and conduct empirical research.Firstly,based on the LDA model,identify the main technological research and development directions of the target enterprise and determine the set of candidate competitor enterprises;Secondly,construct a two-dimensional strategic coordinate based on technology and market similarity,and divide the candidate competitor combination of the target enterprise into direct,indirect,and potential competitors;Finally,the patent intensity index based on patent portfolio analysis is introduced to measure the technological competition gap between the target enterprise and its competitors,and to assess the relative competitive situation.This article conduct empirical research targeting Apollo Zhilian(Beijing)Technology Company in the field of intelligent connected vehicles.[Result/conclusion]Based on the competitor identification framework constructed in this article,a total of 5 competitors of Apollo Zhilian(Beijing)Technology Company were identified,including three types.At the same time,an analysis of the relative competitive situation between the target enterprise and its competitors was achieved in various major technological research and development directions.The empirical results indicate that the framework constructed in this article fully considers the technological resource endowment of the enterprise itself,the competitive gap with competitors,and can accurately meet the methodological of requirements of identifying competitors,with good application prospects.