藏北环纳木错湖区岩画遗存的时代分析

Age Inference of Rock Painting Remains in the Surrounding Areas of the Namtso Lake in Northern Tibet

文章是2021年“环纳木错湖泊区科学考察队”对西藏纳木错及藏北高海拔湖区岩画考古调查的年代学研究报告。文章对纳木错扎西岛、尼玛县加林山和夏桑三处具有代表性的岩画遗存进行了包括U-Th与C14测年技术在内的考古学综合分析,认为纳木错等藏北内陆湖泊地区两种技术(琢刻、涂绘)制作的岩画其时代是基本平行共存的,该区域大量岩画制作于距今2000年前后至7~9世纪的吐蕃时期,U-Th与C14测年数据还显示其中涂绘岩画的制作可能早到距今2200年或更早。对岩画遗存形式的分析表明,纳木错扎西岛至少在公元7~9世纪,已是藏北神祇崇拜及宗教信仰的重要场所,而不同文化因素的岩画显示出古代西藏积极参与“高原丝绸之路”的文化互动,即古代西藏与不同民族和地区文化的交往交流与交融。

This paper is a report on a chronological study of the archaeological investigation of rock paintings in Namtso Lake area and some other high-altitude lake areas in northern Tibet by the Scientific Expedition Team in 2021.This paper makes a comprehensive archaeological analysis with C14 and U-Th dating techniques on the three representative rock painting remains at Namtso's Tashi Island,Gyalin(rgya-lin)Mountain and Shasang in Nyima County.It is found that these rock paintings made with two skills,namely dot-engraving and painting,and they can be dated bake from about 2000 years ago to the 7th-9th centuries(the Tubo Period),but the C14 and U-Th dating data also show that the some painted rock paintings may be made as early as 2200 years ago or even earlier.An analysis of rock painting remains shows that Namtso’s Tashi Island was an important place for reli⁃gious beliefs in northern Tibet at least during the Tubo period from the 7th to the 9th century,and the painted im⁃ages with multiple cultural elements indicate that the influence of the cultural interaction of the"High Plateau Silk Road"on the rock paintings of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,i.e.the culture interaction and integration of the ancient Tibet and different regions.