渤海海峡超长海底隧道运营通风设计讨论

Discussion on Operation Ventilation Design for the Super-long Subsea Tunnel of the Bohai Strait Channel

渤海海峡通道是我国即将建设的超级工程,该项目跨越老铁山水道且超长海底隧道无法设置中间风井,给项目的建设带来巨大问题与挑战。在对比分析超长海底隧道通风方案的经济性、难点攻克的基础上,推荐采用送排结合+纵向通风的方案,并对该通风方案进行计算。首先,比对中国与欧盟隧道通风设计规范,明确中国规范中的基准排放量与现阶段排放标准不匹配的现状,提出参考Euro6排放标准下的基准排放量计算海峡通道海底隧道需风量的方法,阐述通风计算时采用的污染物的设计浓度和取消换气次数的考虑;其次,采用中国规范和欧盟规范对隧道内风速进行计算,结果均表明,在正常交通工况下,送排结合+纵向通风方案具有可行性;最后,讨论分析洞内污染物CO和烟尘已不再是隧道通风方案设计的控制指标,建议将主洞内临界风速、锂电池火灾控制及救援通风指标作为隧道通风设计的控制指标;讨论新能源车占比提高对隧道运营通风与救援通风的影响,以期为渤海海峡通道通风设计提供参考,为我国通风规范及排放标准的改进提供参考。

The Bohai Strait Channel is a forthcoming mega-project in China that spans the Laotieshan Channel.The inability to set up intermediate ventilation shafts in the super-long subsea tunnel poses significant construction challenges.This paper recommends a combined supply and exhaust ventilation scheme with longitudinal ventilation,based on a comparative analysis of the economic feasibility and difficulty of overcoming obstacles in ventilation solutions for super-long subsea tunnels.The paper provides calculations for this ventilation scheme.First,it compares Chinese and EU tunnel ventilation design standards highlighting the mismatch between the baseline emissions in Chinese standards and current emission limits.It proposes a method to calculate the required air demand for the subsea tunnel based on baseline emissions under Euro 6 emission standards,detailing the design concentrations of pollutants used in the ventilation calculations and the considerations for canceling air exchange rates.Second,air velocity calculations inside the tunnel are conducted using both Chinese and EU standards,showing that the combined supply and exhaust with longitudinal ventilation scheme is feasible under normal traffic conditions.Finally,it discusses the shift in control indicators for tunnel ventilation design from pollutants like CO and dust to critical air velocity within the main tunnel,lithium battery fire control,and rescue ventilation indicators.The paper also examines the impact of an increased proportion of new energy vehicles on operational and rescue ventilation in tunnels,aiming to provide references for the Bohai Strait Channel ventilation design and improvements to China′s ventilation standards and emission regulations.