鼠尾草属植物资源的分类研究进展

Advances on the Taxonomy of Sage Plants(Salvia L.)

鼠尾草属(Salvia L.)全球约有1000个种,国外许多种已在药用、观赏、食用、精油和保健等诸多方面开发其价值。我国已发现84个种24个变种,资源丰富,但广泛栽培和应用的种质仅有供以药用的丹参(S.miltiorrhiza Bunge)。为促进该属植物在我国的高效开发和推广,本文在经典植物分类学基础上,依托本课题组10余年野外调查与栽培观测的扎实数据,重点针对鼠尾草的园艺学特性进行归纳分类与特点描述,包含用途、花期、花色、花大小、茎特征以及园林造型等6个方面。根据花期可分为春花(4-6月)、夏花(7-8月)和秋花类型(9-11月),花色包含紫色、蓝色、红色、粉色、黄色和白色系列。按照花朵大小分为小型(<1.5 cm)、中型(1.5~3.0 cm)、中大型(3.0~4.5 cm)和大型花种类(>4.5 cm)。株型主要为蔓生、丛生和直立类型,部分种质在园林造型方面的可塑性强。国内鼠尾草资源以春季花期、紫色和蓝色以及中(大)型花朵的丛生草本类型为主。本研究完善了鼠尾草属植物的应用分类体系,为我国鼠尾草属资源的深度开发和广泛应用提供参考。

There are about 1000 species of Salvia L.in the world,and a large number of species have been developed in many aspects of medicine,ornamental,edible as well as essential oils and health care.In China,there are abundant germplasm resources including 84 species and 24 varieties,while only one native species,Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge,is widely cultivated and used for medicinal purpose.It is urgent to investigate and classify their growth habits,morphological characteristics and horticultural characteristics,in order to promote their efficient development and popularization.Based on classical taxonomy and solid data obtained from field investigation and cultivation observation in the past 13 years,this article focuses on the classification and characterization of the horticultural characteristics of Salvia L.,including six aspects,such as end-use,flowering period,flower color,flower size,stem characteristics and garden shape.Spring-flowered(April-June),summer-flowered(July-August),and autumn-flowered(September-November)types were classified according to flowering periods,while purple,blue,red,pink,yellow and white flower styles were categorized based on flower colors.There were four levels for flower sizes:small(<1.5 cm),medium(1.5-3.0 cm),medium-large(3.0-4.5 cm),and large(>4.5 cm),and three forms for stem types:trailing,cespitose,and erect.Notable flexibility were displayed in garden shape by a number of germplasms.The majority of domestic sage resources are the cespitose herbs with medium-sized(large)purple and blue flowers that bloom in the spring.This study improved the applied classification system of Salvia L.,and provided reference for further development and extensive application of Salvia L.species in China.