谷子四大名米品种群农艺及品质性状评价与亲缘关系分析

Evaluation of Agronomic and Quality Traits in Four Famous Landraces Groups of Foxtail Millet and Relationship Analysis

对谷子四大名米(沁州黄、桃花米、龙山小米及金米)原始地方品种及其同名品种共计179份开展为期两年的农艺性状调查并对其进行基于SNP标记的亲缘关系分析,从中选择51份进行营养品质测定。结果表明:从农艺性状来看,四类名米品种在数量性状上具有明显差异,而质量性状在不同类品种间差异不大。相关性分析表明,穗重与穗粒重、草重与穗重呈极显著正相关。主成分分析表明前3个主成分解释了累积变异的89.414%,基于主成分分析结果计算了综合得分F值,菠菜根-30的综合得分最高(F=7.42),阴天旱-27的综合得分最低(F=-9.17)。亲缘关系结果表明,各同名品种间存在多样的进化关系,不同名品种间可能存在基因交流。基于农艺性状对179份材料进行聚类分析,发现材料划归4个类群,同名品种内聚集相对集中,农艺性状相似度较大。从营养品质上看,四类名米间营养品质差异较小,除粗纤维外其余营养品质指标差异均不显著。相关性分析发现粗蛋白与粗脂肪呈现显著的正相关;淀粉与蛋白质、脂肪之间呈现显著的负相关。主成分分析表明前6个主要成分解释了累积变异的88.414%,能够基本涵盖10个营养品质的信息,基于主成分分析,结合不同品种谷子的综合得分,对小米品质进行排名,排名靠前的品种有菠菜根-77、菠菜根-33、菠菜根-44、爬坡糙-15、九根齐-25和阴天旱-13。本研究对四大名米品种群的农艺性状、品质性状和亲缘关系的鉴定和研究,对种质资源保护和利用,以及优异资源的挖掘具有重要意义。

A two-year field trials and agronomic performance analysis were conducted in 179 foxtail millet accessions which are homonyms of the four famous landraces(Qinzhouhuang,Taohuami,Longshanxiaomi and Jinmi),as well as exploring the genetic relationships between the materials.Fifty-one accessions including the four original varieties were subjected for nutritional quality analysis.The significant differences on quantitative traits were detected in 179 accessions,while the quality traits were detected without much differences.Through the correlation analysis,a highly significant positive correlation between kernel weight of single ear and ear weight,as well as stalk weight and ear weight,were found.Principal component analysis showed that the first three principal components contributed to 89.414%of the cumulative variation.Gained from the composite score F-value calculated based on the results of principal component analysis,we observed the highest and lowest composite scores in Bocaigen-30(F=7.42)and Yintianhan-27(F=-9.17),respectively.Cluster analysis based on agronomic traits revealed that the 179 accessions were classified into four clusters with relatively concentrated clustering within homonyms varieties and greater similarity of agronomic traits.The results of phylogenetic relationships indicate that there are diverse evolutionary relationships among different varieties with the same name,and there may be gene exchange between different varieties with different names.The differences in nutritional quality among the four categories of famous foxtail millet were small,and the differences in all nutritional quality indexes except crude fiber were not significant.The crude protein and crude fat was positively correlated,while starch negatively correlated with protein and fat.The first six major components explained 88.414%of the cumulative variation and could basically cover the information of the 10 nutritional qualities.Based on the principal component analysis of nutritional qualities,the top ranked varieties were Bocaigen-77,Bocaigen-33,Bocaigen-44,Papocao-15,Jugenqi-25 and Yintianhan-13,combined with the comprehensive scores of different accessions.This study identifies and studies the agronomic traits,quality traits,and phylogenetic relationships of the four famous foxtail millet groups,which is of great significance for the protection and utilization of germplasm resources,as well as the excavation of excellent resources.