煤矿抑尘材料研究现状及展望

Current Status and Prospects of Research on Coal Mine Dust Suppression Materials

近几年来,随着煤矿开采的机械化、自动化和智能化程度的不断提升,工作环境中的粉尘污染也越来越严重,导致职业健康、环境污染以及生命安全和财产损失等问题频发。为进一步提升矿山清洁生产水平,促进煤矿的安全生产,促进煤矿企业的安全生产,提高工人的职业健康,本研究分别从传统抑尘剂和新型复合抑尘剂两个方面回顾了近几年来国内外的研究成果。研究中简述了煤尘抑尘剂润湿、粘附和凝聚3种作用机制,着重介绍了复合煤尘抑尘剂的应用情况。研究结果表明:现阶段,关于复合型抑尘剂的研究比例最高,占45%。国内外抑尘剂的主要组分研究将偏向于高分子材料聚合物和绿色天然材料,这些新型材料具有较好的除尘效能,且绿色无污染;抑尘剂的配制和生产技术将更加复杂,逐渐朝综合性、专用型方向发展。对未来国内外抑尘剂的研究还应注重于优化表面活性剂的选用和搭配,并建立抑尘剂的抑尘效能评价系统,侧重环境友好型抑尘剂的研究开发,推动高效环保抑尘剂的产业化应用。从而达到有效地处理矿井的粉尘,提高矿井的清洁生产。

In recent years,with the increasing degree of mechanization,automation and intellectualization,dust pollution in the working environment has become increasingly serious,resulting in frequent problems such as occupational health,environmental pollution,life safety and property loss.The research results at home and abroad in recent years are reviewed from the aspects of traditional dust suppressants and new composite dust suppressants.In this study,the three mechanisms of action of coal dust suppressant wetting,adhesion and agglomeration were briefly described,and the application of composite coal dust suppressant was emphatically introduced.The results show that at this stage,the proportion of research on composite dust suppressants is the highest,accounting for 45%.The research on the main components of dust suppressants at home and abroad will be biased towards polymer materials and green natural materials,which have good dust removal efficiency and are green and pollutionfree.The preparation and production technology of dust suppressant will be more complex,and gradually develop in the direction of comprehensive and special-purpose.In the future,the research on dust suppressants at home and abroad should also focus on optimizing the selection and matching of surfactants,and establish a dust suppression efficiency evaluation system for dust suppressants,focusing on the research and development of environmentally friendly dust suppressants,and promoting the industrial application of high-efficiency and environmentally friendly dust suppressants.Thus,it is possible to effectively control the dust in the mine and to increase the clean production level of the mine.