共价有机框架材料:一类新兴的均孔吸附分离树脂

Covalent organic frameworks:An emerging class of resins with homopores

吸附分离树脂可实现离子/分子的交换与吸附,是目前在生产与生活中应用最广泛的一类功能性高分子材料.近年来,共价有机框架材料(covalent organic frameworks,COFs)由于其均匀有序的孔结构以及结构可设计性得到了广泛关注,在稳定性、选择性、吸附容量等方面相较传统吸附分离树脂材料展示出显著优势,可作为新一代的超级吸附分离树脂材料.本文总结了COF树脂的发展历史、设计合成策略以及功能应用,并对目前的发展瓶颈以及工业化进行了展望.

Adsorbent resins are a commonly used functional polymer material,widely employed in industrial production.These resins can adsorb and separate mixed ions and molecules,such as metals,radioactive ions,and drug molecules,among others.Traditional adsorbent resins still have drawbacks,such as uneven pore size,blocked pore channels,low specific surface area,and susceptibility to swelling.These disadvantages lead to performance and application limitations,such as low selectivity and an inability to treat specific molecules/ions,low adsorption capacity and slow adsorption rates,difficulty in using them directly as a whole filler,and challenges in working in certain extreme environments,among others.In recent years,covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have garnered significant attention due to their low density,uniform pore size,designable structure,and high surface area.They have been recognized as a new generation of adsorbent resins with homopores,offering significant advantages in terms of stability,selectivity,capacity,and more.In this review,we first outline the history and classification of COF resins,which encompass COF resins with neutral,cationic,anionic,and zwitterionic skeletons.Subsequently,we delve into the current methods utilized for synthesizing COF resins,including direct synthesis techniques and post-modification methods.The direct synthesis methods encompass solvothermal synthesis,mechanochemical synthesis,microwave synthesis,irradiation synthesis,and melt-polymerization green synthesis.Post-synthesis methods encompass functionalizing monomers,protonation of nitrogens,and defect generation techniques.Next,we outline the application scopes of COF resins,such as heavy metal removal,removal of radioactive compounds,medical active compound purification,VOCs removal,and light hydrocarbon separation.For instance,COF resins exhibit high adsorption capacity,rapid equilibrium,and excellent cycle performance for water pollutant removal(heavy metals,radioactive anions),making them a dependable material platform for treating water pollution.Thanks to their uniform pore size and designable structure,COF resins offer a new solution for removing VOCs and separating light hydrocarbon gases,surpassing traditional adsorbent materials.By precisely controlling the structures and pore size of COFs,efficient adsorption of specific drug molecules can be achieved,thereby enhancing the efficacy of the drug and reducing side effects.In summary,COF resins have demonstrated significant potential in various research fields.Their distinctive structures and properties offer broad application possibilities in water treatment,atmospheric pollution control,biomedicine,and numerous other fields.As synthetic and post-synthetic methods continue to develop and refine,along with the ongoing expansion of application domains,COF resins will assume an increasingly essential role in our daily lives and industries in the years to come.