碳纳米管黏附材料研究进展

Advances of carbon nanotube adhesive materials

干性黏附材料具有将两个界面通过表面相互作用力连接在一起的功能,是社会生活和生产中不可或缺的物质.干性黏附材料主要分为高分子黏附材料、水凝胶黏附材料以及碳纳米管黏附材料等几类.其中,碳纳米管具有超高的长径比,并且具备优越的力学、热学和电学性能,已被证明是先进黏附材料的理想组成单元.经过长期努力,研究者已制备出具备高黏附强度的碳纳米管黏附材料,并展示了碳纳米管黏附在生物医学、电子器件等领域的应用潜力.明晰碳纳米管黏附机制、整理宏观集合体黏附性能研究进展与挑战,对于合理设计和制造碳纳米管黏附材料以及实现碳纳米管黏附实际应用具有至关重要的意义.本文首先历数碳纳米管黏附的发展历程,从微观结构探测及模拟计算出发,深入挖掘碳纳米管黏附机制.其次,归纳了碳纳米管宏观集合体的黏附性能研究手段,并列举了提升碳纳米管黏附性能的策略和方法.最后,详细对比了碳纳米管黏附材料、高分子黏附材料以及水凝胶黏附材料在制备方法、结构特征以及黏附性能等方面的差异,并对碳纳米管黏附的下一步研究方向进行了展望.

Adhesion pertains to a widely observed phenomenon in the surrounding environment,wherein two interfaces establish a connection through surface interaction forces upon contact.Adhesion offers distinct advantages over mechanical fastening and welding,such as uniform stress distribution,cost-effectiveness,easy bonding,and flexibility in the shape of the connection interface.As scientific and technological advancements continue to unfold,adhesion is anticipated to supplant traditional connection methods like mechanical fastening and welding,emerging as a mainstream approach with potential applications in various fields,including biomedicine and electronic devices.For instance,the utilization of adhesive materials instead of straps to secure wearable electronic devices on the human body can enhance comfort.Adhesive patches possessing properties suitable for direct attachment to the skin or heart can greatly improve convenience and usability.Similarly,substituting welding with adhesive materials for device fixation on circuits can significantly enhance assembly efficiency.Consequently,the development of adhesive materials represents a crucial area of research for the future.Adhesive materials can be classified into several types based on their components,including polymer adhesives,hydrogel adhesives,and adhesive materials containing carbon nanotubes(CNTs).Among these,CNTs stand out due to their exceptional mechanical properties,making them an ideal constituent for the preparation of adhesive materials.On one hand,the heightened stiffness of CNTs prevents them from collapsing under pressure.On the other hand,their ultra-high aspect ratio(ranging from 103to 105) reduces the effective elastic modulus,enabling full contact with the substrate and displaying excellent adhesion properties.Compared to polymers and hydrogels,the utilization of CNTs as fundamental components of adhesive materials offers numerous advantages,including,but not limited to:(1) Exceptional mechanical properties,ensuring structural integrity and durability during use;(2) superior and stable physical and chemical properties,enabling their deployment in extreme environments(e.g.,high temperature,low temperature);and(3) excellent electrical and thermal conductivity,along with the potential for multifunctional material development(e.g.,conductive adhesives,thermal adhesives).Since the initial investigation of the adhesion between CNT arrays and silicon probes in 2005,CNT adhesion has garnered considerable attention in the scientific community and has become an important research direction in the field of adhesives.However,there exists a scarcity of literature summarizing the recent advancements made in the past five years.This review aims to provide a formal and scientific account of the subject matter.Firstly,the review presents an introduction to the adhesion mechanism of CNTs based on microscopic and simulation studies.Secondly,it examines macroscopic performance studies,encompassing aspects such as regulation of structural parameters and special structural designs.Thirdly,the review demonstrates the potential applications of CNT adhesion in the fields of electronic devices,biomedicine,and energy storage.Lastly,a detailed discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of CNT adhesion materials compared to polymer adhesives and hydrogel adhesives is provided,along with a prospective outlook on the future development direction of CNT adhesion.This comprehensive review offers an in-depth understanding of the current state of CNT adhesion research and provides valuable insights for future investigations in the field.