新课标背景下义务教育阶段武术教学内容改革论析

Analysis of the ReformofWushu Teaching Content in Compulsory Education under the New CurriculumStandards

长期以来,“教什么,怎么教”一直是困扰学校武术教学的主要问题。运用文献研究法、田野调查法、专家访谈法等研究方法,对当前中小学武术教学内容及存在的突出问题进行分析与反思,探索新课标背景下义务教育阶段学校武术教学内容的设计思路与构建策略。经研究认为:当前学校武术教学内容缺乏对武术认知能力的培养,不利于发展学生的核心素养;重动作学练、轻技能应用,不利于发展学生武术运动能力;重套路学习、轻功法练习,不利于发展学生武术专项体能;教学内容缺乏进阶性,不利于形成一体化教学内容体系。研究后提出:以发展核心素养为导向,构建结构化武术教学内容;依据学生身心发展特点,设计一体化武术教学内容;创新武术功法内容和形式,提升学生武术专项体能的整体思路。结合示例构建出义务教育阶段武术教学内容体系和学练方式,即小学以“拳械套路+演练功法”为核心,初中以“文明对抗+技击功法”为核心的一体化武术教学内容体系,以及“基础性学练+组合性学练+比赛性学练”的系统化武术学练方式。

“What to teach and how to teach”has long been the major problem in teaching of Wushu in primary and secondary schools.By using literature review,field investigation and experts interview,this paper made profound reflection on design and strategies of the current Wushu teaching content under the new curriculum standards.This paper pointed out that the current Wushu teaching content neglects the cultivation of Wushu cognitive ability,which is detrimental to the development of students’core literacy;emphasizing action learning and training,neglecting skill application,which is not conducive to the development of students’Wushu and sports ability;emphasizing routine learning over the practice of Wushu methods,which is unfavorable for developing students’Wushu physical fitness;the teaching content lacks step by step progression,which is not conducive to form an integrated teaching content system.Based on these findings,the paper proposes an overall approach:developing core competencies as the goal,constructing structured Wushu teaching content;designing integrated Wushu teaching content based on the characteristics of students’physical and mental development;and innovating Wushu methods content and forms to enhance students’Wushu physical fitness.Combined with cases,the teaching content system and learning and training methods of Wushu in compulsory education stage are constructed,that is,in primary schools,this system focuses on“boxing and equipment routine+practice Gongfa”while in middle schools,it centers on“civilized confrontation+technique Gongfa”.The approach involves a systematic Wushu learning practice that includes“basic learning and practice+combined learning and practice+competitive learning and practice”.