弗洛伊德的驱力概念辨析及其转向

Analysis of Freud's Concept of Drive and Its Evolution

基于弗洛伊德文本,比较与分析了驱力、力比多以及本能三个相关术语。力比多一词由弗洛伊德所造,是精神能量的一种。狭义上的力比多就是性驱力。驱力是可以转移贯注对象的、人类所特有的本能。英译与中译的驱力长期被混同于本能。在辨析德语原文、英译以及中译的基础上,重新阐释与梳理驱力概念的两种分类。不同类型的驱力之间表现出矛盾、融合又互相转化的特性。应对诸多质疑,驱力模型自身仍表现出了新的发展以及与弗洛伊德其他理论模型相辅相成的特点。

Based on Freud's texts,this paper compares and analyzes three related terminologies:drive,libido and instinct.The term libido,coined by Freud,represents a form of psychic energy.Libido in the narrow sense is the sexual drive.Drive is a unique human instinct that can divert the object of its cathexis.The drive of English and Chinese translation has long been confused with instinct.On the basis of analyzing the original German literature,English translation and Chinese translation,this paper reinterprets and clarifies the concept of drives into two categories.Different types of drives show characteristics of contradiction,integration and mutual transformation.Despite numerous criticisms,the model of drives continues to evolve and complement Freud's other theoretical models.