晚清及民国时期白鲟的研究

The Research History of Psephurus gladius in the Period of the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

本文回顾了晚清及民国时期白鲟(Psephurus gladius)的研究史,同时也简单回顾了我国早期的鱼类学史。晚清及民国时期我国的鱼类学研究经历了由西方到中方的转变,白鲟的研究也经历了同样的历程。在晚清及民国时期,白鲟还是长江中一种常见鱼类,因其独特的外观和巨大的体形而闻名于西方。由于晚清时期我国的鱼类学研究尚未起步,最早由西方学者开展了对白鲟的形态学、分类学及解剖学方面的研究。同时,一批来华的西方人在其著作和游记中记述了他们所见的白鲟,为我们留下了一批宝贵的文献资料。民国时期我国建立了自己的生物研究机构——中国科学社生物研究所和国立中央研究院自然历史博物馆,开启了对本国鱼类的研究,其在维护国家主权和提升国家地位上亦做出了重要贡献,我国最早对白鲟的研究也始于这两个机构。1937年抗日战争全面爆发后二者迁至重庆北碚进行大后方的鱼类学调查研究,其中也有一些关于白鲟的报道。1949年中华人民共和国成立后,我国的鱼类学研究进入了一个新的阶段,对白鲟的研究也更加深入。

This article reviews the research history of Chinese Paddlefish Psephurus gladius in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,and also simply reviews the early ichthyology history of China.In the period of late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,the ichthyology research of China has undergone the transformation from Western to China,and the research of Chinese Paddlefish also has undergone this process.In this period,Chinese Paddlefish was a kind of common species in the Yangtze River,and is well known by the Western for its particular appearance and large bodily form.Because China did not start ichthyology research in the period of the late Qing Dynasty,the western researcher first conducted the morphology,taxonomy,and anatomy researches of Chinese Paddlefish,meanwhile,some westerners who came to China also described the Chinese Paddlefish in their travel notes,leaving us a number of important document literature.In the Period of the Republic of China,China established The Biology Laboratory of Science Society of China and the Natural History Museum of Academia Sinica,initiated native ichthyology research.These two institutions also first conducted domestic research on Chinese Paddlefish and had indelible contributions to protecting national rights and promoting national status.During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,these two institutions relocated to the Beipei in Chongqing and continued ichthyology research behind the frontline,which also included some surveys about Chinese Paddlefish.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the ichthyology research of China entered a new stage and the research into Chinese Paddlefish had become more deeply.