秦始皇帝陵C区一号墓3号陪葬坑(QLCM1P3)发掘简报

Excavation of Accompanying Burial Pit No.3(QLCM1P3)of Tomb No.1 in Area C of Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum

一概况自2011年开始,秦始皇帝陵博物院对秦始皇帝陵园外城西侧开展了详细的考古勘探工作,勘探面积50余万平方米。发现9座大、中型墓葬,东西向一字排列,整齐有序,这批墓葬中距秦始皇帝陵园最近者仅百余米。2013年至今,对其中的秦始皇帝陵C区一号墓(QLCM1,简称M1)进行了持续发掘。

A row of nine large and medium-sized accompanying tombs belonging to Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum were found on the west side of the outer city of the Mausoleum(Area C).From 2013 to 2024,the Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum Site Museum excavated the“中”-shaped tomb No.1,also found three vertical shaft wooden-chambered accompanying pits on the west side of the south tomb passage and the east side of the north tomb passage,among which pit No.3 is the largest and with the most profound connotation.The wooden chamber in the pit was built with the top and side panels but no bottom panel.The five chariots buried in the pit,from north to south,are one with single draught pole(zhou)drawn by two horses,one with double shafts(yuan)drawn by five horses,one with single draught pole drawn by two horses,one with single draught pole drawn by four horses,and one with single draught pole drawn by six sheep.The single draught pole chariot drawn by two horses on the northernmost leads this chariot group;around it also found remains of primates and birds.The chariots with double shafts drawn by five horses and single draught pole drawn by six sheep were discovered for the first time.The excavation enriches materials of the Qin's chariot system and also provides new data for studying the development of the chariot system as well as the burial system of chariots and horses in ancient China.