运动调控BDNF表达改善阿尔茨海默病的潜在作用机制研究进展

Research Progress on the Potential Mechanisms of Exercise Regulating BDNF Expression to Improve Alzheimer’s Disease

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是一种常见的神经退行性疾病,该病以记忆衰退、认知功能障碍、精神行为异常及执行力丧失为主要病症,并在逐渐发展过程中严重损害患者生活质量。脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)作为内源性“神经保护剂”,是AD发生发展相关致病因素的有效调节因子,但其表达在AD病程中异常下调。运动疗法作为有效防治AD安全经济的非药物手段,可通过骨骼肌因子irisin促进BDNF表达,骨骼因子OCN也可能参与BDNF的有效调控。有氧、抗阻及认知运动可在一定程度上促进BDNF表达以诱发其神经保护作用,进而改善AD相关病症。运动调控BDNF改善AD的潜在作用机制包括减少Aβ异常沉积、抑制Tau蛋白代谢异常、削弱神经炎症反应以及改善突触可塑性损伤四个方面。该文以BDNF在AD发病进程中的作用为切入点,详细分析了AD病理状态下运动调控BDNF表达的可能机制,着重梳理了靶向BDNF的不同运动干预方式对AD的改善效果,并重点阐述了BDNF参与运动延缓AD发生发展的潜在作用机制,旨在为运动防治AD提供新的理论依据和思路视角。

AD(Alzheimer’s disease)is a prevalent neurodegenerative condition marked by progressive memory impairment,cognitive deficits,behavioral and psychological symptoms,and the eventual loss of executive abilities,which collectively degrade the quality of life for affected individuals.BDNF(brain-derived neurotrophic factor)as a crucial endogenous neuroprotective factor,is an effective regulator of related pathogenic factors in the occurrence and development of AD,but its expression is abnormally down-regulated in the course of AD.Exercise therapy,an efficacious,non-pharmacological strategy for AD prevention and intervention,has been shown to enhance BDNF expression via the myokine irisin,with the OCN(osteocalcin)also potentially contributing to BDNF regulation.Aerobic,resistance,and cognitive-motor exercises can promote the expression of BDNF to a certain extent,thereby inducing its neuroprotective effects and subsequently improving symptoms associated with AD.The potential mechanisms of exercise in improving AD by regulating BDNF encompass the reduction of Aβ(amyloidbeta)aggregation,inhibition of Tau hyperphosphorylation,mitigation of neuroinflammation,and amelioration of synaptic plasticity impairment.This article delves into the role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of AD,scrutinizing the mechanisms by which exercise modulates BDNF expression within the AD pathological context.It specifically focuses on the beneficial effects of various exercise interventions targeting BDNF in AD,and explores the underlying mechanisms through which exercise may delay the onset and progression of AD.This study aims to furnish novel theoretical insights and perspectives for the therapeutic application of exercise in AD.