不同认知风格小学生的言语和视觉空间工作记忆

Verbal and visuospatial working memory in primary school students with different cognitive styles

目的:探讨不同认知风格小学生言语和视觉空间工作记忆的发展特点。方法:使用镶嵌图形测验测试2、4、6年级学生的认知风格,通过2(认知风格:场独立、场依存)×3(年级:2、4、6年级)×2(任务类型:字母任务、空间任务)的三因素混合实验,采用2-back任务测查不同认知风格学生的工作记忆特点,对175名有效被试的字母和空间任务正确率进行重复测量方差分析。结果:场独立型小学生字母和空间任务正确率都高于场依存型小学生(P<0.001);场独立型小学生字母任务正确率高于空间任务正确率(P<0.001)。6年级场独立型学生两种任务正确率都高于2年级和4年级场独立型学生(P<0.05)。结论:不同认知风格小学生的言语和视觉空间工作记忆的发展存在差异,这种差异还可能与任务类型和年龄有关。

Objective:To explore the developmental characteristics of different cognitive styles on verbal and visuospatial working memory of primary school students.Methods:The Mosaic graph test was used to test the cog-nitive style of students in grades 2,4 and 6.The three-factor mixed experiment of 2(cognitive style:field independ-ent,field dependent)×3(grade:2,4,6)×2(task type:letter task,spatial task)was carried out.The 2-back task was used to measure the working memory characteristics of students with different cognitive styles,and the repeated measurement ANOVA was performed on the accuracy of letter and spatial tasks of 175 effective subjects.Results:The accuracy of letter task and spatial task of field independent primary school students were higher than that of field-dependent primary school students(P<0.001).The accuracy rate of letter task for field independent primary school students was higher than that of space task(P<0.001).The accuracy of two kinds of tasks of field inde-pendent students in grade 6 was better than that of field independent students in grade 2 and grade 4(P<0.05).Conclusion:There are differences in the development of verbal and visuospatial working memory of primary school students with different cognitive styles,which may also be related to task type and age.