近代福州西人公署及生活类建筑文化特征考察

An Investigation of the Cultural Characteristics of Westerners' Offices and Living Buildings in Modern Fu Zhou

公署及生活类建筑是城市社会生活文化的重要组成部分之一,是城市空间布局重要参照标志,其代表着城市管理控制以及运行的文化样态。随着福州开埠通商以后,外国领事、传教士、商人以及侨眷涌入,西人领事馆、海关(洋关)、公馆、官邸、洋楼、俱乐部以及避暑地等一系列的公署、生活类建筑一应俱全。这些西人公署及生活类建筑更能贴切地展现西方文化生活的真实样态,在建筑区域分布特征方面映射了建筑功能诉求以及中西双方博弈的痕迹;在建筑文化风格特征方面则呈现了西方主流的建筑风格特质和中西建筑文化互动传播等特征,以其浓郁纯正的“西风”浸染着近代福州城市。

Public offices and living buildings are one of the important components of urban social life culture and an important reference mark for urban spatial layout. They represent the cultural pattern of urban management control and operation. With the opening of Fuzhou to trade, foreign consuls, missionaries, merchants and relatives of overseas Chinese poured in, and a series of official offices and living buildings such as Western consulates, customs(foreign customs), mansions, official residences, foreign-style buildings, clubs and summer resorts were built. Everything is available. These Western offices and living buildings can more closely display the true appearance of Western cultural life. In terms of the regional distribution characteristics of the buildings, they reflect the functional demands of the buildings and the traces of the game between China and the West. In terms of architectural cultural style characteristics, they reflect the mainstream of the West. Its unique architectural style and interactive communication between Chinese and Western architectural cultures have permeated the modern city of Fuzhou with its rich and pure "Western style".