裸盖菇素在精神疾病中的研究进展

Research progress of psilocybin therapy of mental illness

裸盖菇素是一种基于吲哚的次级代谢产物,源自于一些特定的蘑菇品种,通常被称为迷幻蘑菇。这些蘑菇自古以来便被人类使用,用于宗教仪式和治疗。在20世纪50年代末,山德士实验室发现并合成了精神活性化合物裸盖菇素及其活性代谢物,用于基础精神药理学和治疗性临床研究。裸盖菇素在20世纪60年代迅速流行,并于1970年被美国列为一级管制药物,此后对裸盖菇素的研究显著减少。然而,近年对裸盖菇素的研究显示,它在治疗强迫症、酒精依赖、烟草依赖、重度抑郁症、晚期癌症患者的抑郁症、神经性厌食症及双相情感障碍方面有一定潜力。本文对其历史沿革、临床研究及作用机制进行综述,旨在为裸菇盖素可能的医疗作用提供参考。

Psilocybin is an indole-based secondary metabolite produced by numerous species of mushrooms,often referred to as psychedelic mushrooms.The human use of psilocybin dates back from centuries to millennia for medicinal and religious purposes.Psilocybin and its most prominent active metabolite were synthesized by Hofmann in 1959 and later marketed for basic psychopharmacological and therapeutic clinical research by Sandoz.Psilocybin saw a rapid rise in popularity during the 1960s and was classed as a Schedule I drug in 1970.Subsequently,research on psilocybin significantly decreased.Recently,however,preliminary studies with psilocybin have shown promise as potential for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder,alcohol addiction,tobacco addiction,major depressive disorder,depression in terminally ill cancer patients,anorexia nervosa and bipolar affective disorder.This review describes in detail the history,clinical research and mechanism of action of psilocybin,in order to provide reference for the possible medical effects of psilocybin.