115例含咖啡因制剂药品滥用/依赖报告分析

Analysis of 115 cases on drug abuse of caffeine-containing preparations

目的了解山东省含咖啡因制剂药品滥用/依赖现状。方法利用2016—2022年山东省药品不良反应监测中心收集的含咖啡因制剂的药物滥用/依赖报告,分析发生滥用/依赖的药品类别、滥用/依赖者人口学特征及行为特征等相关信息。结果7年共收到含咖啡因制剂滥用/依赖报告115例,女性占67.8%,年龄中位数为63.8岁,大于等于60岁者占61.8%,农民占55.7%,小学及以下学历占58.2%。使用药品中,第二类精神药品报告1例(占0.9%),处方药86例(占74.8%),OTC甲类25例(占21.7%),OTC乙类3例(占2.6%)。药品的主要获得途径为医院(79人次,占68.7%)和零售药店(49人次,占42.6%)。药品使用的主要原因为:控制疾患(73人次,占63.5%)和满足对药物的渴求(61人次,占53.0%)。持续用药时间的中位数为3.0年,最短持续用药时间为1.0年,最长持续用药时间为33.1年。结论不合理使用含咖啡因制剂存在一定的药物滥用/依赖风险。建议:(1)在相关药品说明书中补充长期服用可致药物依赖性的警示;(2)对含咖啡因制剂的药物依赖性及存在的潜在滥用风险开展评估。

Objective To investigate the current situation of drug abuse caused by caffeine-containing preparations in Shandong province.Methods Based on the reports of drug abuse of caffeine-containing preparations collected by the Drug Adverse Reaction Monitoring Center of Shandong province from 2016 to 2022,the categories of abused drugs,demographic characteristics of drug abusers,and drug abuse behavior were analyzed.Results Over the past 7 years,a total of 115 reports of caffeine-containing preparation abuse were received,with female abusers for 67.8%and a median age of 63.8 years.61.8%were aged 60 or older,55.7%were farmers,and 58.2%had primary education or below.Among the drugs used,there was 1 reported case of second-class psychotropic drugs(0.9%),86 cases of prescription drugs(74.8%),28 cases of OTC Class A drugs(21.7%),and 3 cases of OTC Class B drugs(2.6%).The main routes for obtaining drugs were hospitals(79 cases,68.7%)and retail pharmacies(49 cases,42.6%).The main reasons for drug abuse were controlling diseases(73 cases,63.5%)and satisfying the craving for drugs(61 cases,53.0%).The median duration of drug use is 3.0 years,with a minimum of 1.0 year and a maximum of 33.1 years.Conclusion Caffeine-containing preparations have a risk of drug abuse.Suggestion:(1)Add a warning in the relevant drug instructions that long-term use can lead to drug dependence;(2)Conduct an assessment of drug dependence and potential abuse risks of caffeine-containing preparations.