1162例精神分裂症患者抗精神病药及镇静催眠药使用情况分析

Analysis on the use of antipsychotic drugs and sedative hypnotics in 1162 inpatients with schizophrenia

目的调查北京回龙观医院精神分裂症患者抗精神病药及镇静催眠药的使用现状,为合理用药提供依据。方法对2022年1月—12月在北京回龙观医院住院治疗的精神分裂症患者抗精神病药医嘱为依据,分析患者人口学资料、不同年龄段患者使用抗精神病药的种类分布、单一抗精神病药使用种类及频率、不同年龄和性别患者抗精神病药使用剂量等,探讨住院患者抗精神病药的使用特点。结果(1)共有1162例患者纳入研究;726例使用一种抗精神病药,使用频率排前5位的有奥氮平、氯氮平、利培酮、帕里哌酮缓释片和阿立哌唑;(2)436例患者使用了2种以上抗精神病药联合治疗,使用频率前3位的为奥氮平+利培酮,奥氮平+氯氮平,氯氮平+利培酮;(3)青少年患者使用奥氮平、利培酮和帕里哌酮的剂量明显高于中老年患者(P<0.01),男性患者使用氯氮平的剂量明显高于女性患者(P<0.05);(4)700例患者使用了镇静催眠药,以短中效的劳拉西泮、艾司唑仑和佐匹克隆使用较多。结论精神分裂症患者的抗精神病药治疗以非典型抗精神病药为主,不同年龄、性别抗精神病药使用剂量不同,精神分裂症患者合并使用镇静催眠药的情况较多。

Objective To investigate the use of antipsychotics and sedative hypnotics in schizophrenics in Beijing Huilongguan Hospital,and to provide evidence for rational drug use.Methods Based on the medical order of antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenics hospitalized in Beijing Huilongguan Hospital from January to December 2022,the demographic data of patients,the type distribution of antipsychotic drugs used by patients of different ages,the type and frequency of single antipsychotic drugs used,and the dosage of antipsychotic drugs used by patients of different ages and sexes were analyzed to explore the characteristics of antipsychotic drugs used by inpatients.Results(1)A total of 1162 patients were included in the study;726 patients were treated with an antipsychotic drug,and the top 5 patients were olanzapine,clozapine,risperidone,sustained release tablets of pareperidone and aripiprazole.(2)436 patients were treated with more than two antipsychotic drugs,and the top three were olanzapine+risperidone,olanzapine+clozapine,and clozapine+risperidone.(3)The dose of olanzapine,risperidone and paroperidone used by adolescent patients was significantly higher than that of middle-aged and elderly patients(P<0.01);The dosage of clozapine in male patients was significantly higher than that in female patients(P<0.05).(4)700 patients were treated with sedative and hypnotic drugs,mainly lorazepam,estazolam and zopiclone.Conclusion The treatment of antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenics is mainly atypical antipsychotic drugs.The dosage of antipsychotic drugs is different in different ages and genders.The combination of sedative and hypnotic drugs is more common in schizophrenics.