从ChatGPT到Sora:生成式AI下人类劳动解放的再思考

From ChatGPT to Sora:Rethinking the Liberation of Human Labor in Generative AI

劳动解放是实现人的自由而全面发展的内在尺度与核心观点,也是马克思关于人的解放思想的重要内容。当前生成式人工智能逐渐走进人类生活,有别于传统人工智能,生成式人工智能将为劳动解放的实现带来新机遇。生成式人工智能作为人类智能的模拟,其广泛应用对人类生产和生活造成多方面影响,从促进劳动者的脑力劳动解放与素质提高、推动劳动工具发展到拓展劳动对象主要范围多个维度驱动生产力提升,并进一步推动生产关系发生变革。同时,也从时间和空间两个维度为劳动解放创造充分条件。生成式人工智能为劳动解放带来新机遇的同时,也涌现出数字劳动新异化、劳动替代焦虑、人类意志迷茫和数字劳动“隐蔽”剥削的“新忧愁”,亟待解决。因此,现阶段以马克思劳动解放思想为指引,厘清生成式人工智能对于人类劳动解放的作用和可能产生的问题,并就此提出相应的解决措施具有重要意义。

Labor emancipation is the internal scale and core viewpoint of realizing the all-round development of human beings,and it is also an important content of Marx’s thought on human emancipation.As a simulation of human intelligence,generative artificial intelligence is widely used to have a multifaceted impact on human production and life,from improving the comprehensive quality of workers,promoting the development of production tools to expanding the main scope of labor objects,driving productivity improvement in multiple dimensions,and further promoting the transformation of production relations,and at the same time,creating sufficient conditions for labor liberation from the two dimensions of time and space.While generative AI brings new opportunities for labor liberation,new worries about the new alienation of digital labor,labor substitution anxiety,confusion of human will,and“hidden”exploitation of digital labor have emerged,which need to be solved urgently.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to clarify the role of generative artificial intelligence in the emancipation of human labor and the problems that may arise at this stage,and to put forward corresponding solutions to this problem,guided by Marx's thought on labor emancipation.