从芦山峁到石峁——北方高原史前社会复杂化进程

From Lushanmao to Shimao:The Trajectory of Prehistoric Social Complexification in the Northern Plateau

北方高原主要指子午岭以东、太行山以西、阴山以南、南至洛川-霍州一带的黄土高原东北部地区,囊括了陕北、晋中北、冀西北和内蒙古中南部,在史前考古中基本构成了“北方文化区”的范围。新石器时代晚期,该地区经历了独特的发展道路。其中,吕梁山以西、南流黄河两侧的晋陕高原和内蒙古河套地区,遗址数量多,分布密集,近年陆续发现了许多龙山时代的大遗址,显然是北方高原史前末期文化与社会发展的重心所在,也是本文关注的重点。

Based on the cultural periodization and the chronological sequence of major sites,this study examines the trajectory of social complexification in the northern plateau.During the early Longshan era,small-scale,simple societies that had formed since the Yangshao period continued to exist in the region.However,during the late Longshan era,sites such as Lushanmao,Houchengzui,and Shimao indicate that social complexification in the northern plateau experienced rapid,leapfrog development within a short time period.The changes at the southern and northern ends of the plateau were initially manifested by two"cultural movements"originating from the Central Plains and the North China.In fact,these movements reflect the rise and fall of two distinct economic modes.The"economic revolution"characterized by an agricultural-pastoral economy that emerged in the northern plateau motivate a"social revolution",giving rise to early states such as Shimao in northern Shaanxi and Taosi in southern Shanxi.