东周至西汉时期漆棺装饰研究

Study of Lacquered Coffin Decoration during the Eastern Zhou through the Western Han Periods

棺是用以装敛尸体的器具,多以木为之。本文所言漆棺装饰,是指除一般漆外的对木棺施彩绘、镶嵌等装饰,文献记载的荒、墙柳、悬池等漆棺之外的附加饰件不在本文讨论范围。对于这一问题目前关注尚少,尤其缺少系统梳理和长时段观察。

During the Eastern Zhou through the Western Han periods,decoration on lacquered coffins predominantly featured painted motifs.During the Eastern Zhou period,decorative patterns primarily consisted of abstract geometric designs,consistent with contemporary ornamentation found on bronze artifacts,lacquerware,jade objects,and silk textiles.By the Western Han period,coffin decorations could be categorized into two thematic types:patterns and figural imagery.These decorations exhibited increasing differentiation from contemporary domestic utensils in terms of design.Moreover,patterns emerged that match the form and function of funerary items.Through comparative analysis,this study shows that during the Eastern Zhou period,the production of funerary items might not have yet fully transitioned into an independent craft,whereas during the Han Dynasty,lacquered cofins carried more funerary motifs.The establishment of the Dongyuan Office during the Han period indicates a trend towards specialization in the production of funerary items including lacquered coffins,and thus their funerary function became more explicit.