考虑供应中断的A医药企业药品供应链弹性优化研究

Supply Chain Resilience Optimization for a Pharmaceutical Company When Considering Supply Disruptions

在当前国际形势动荡、不确定事件频发的背景下,医药供应链面临着诸多挑战.医药产品关乎患者生命健康,一旦供应中断,将严重影响医疗服务的连续性,威胁患者生命安全,尤其是在疫情高发期间.因此,医药企业迫切需要构建具有事前规避和事后快速恢复能力的弹性供应链.为此,文章首先界定了医药供应链的定义与结构,并给出了药品供应链弹性的定义和衡量指标.在此基础上,以自建工厂/备选供应商-医药企业-分销商构成的单产品、多周期药品供应链为研究对象,通过在医药供应链中引入备选供应商这一弹性措施,构建了不同中断情景下,以利润最大为目标的医药供应链弹性模型,其中弹性水平通过分销商的需求满足率进行刻画,并通过缺货惩罚成本在总利润中进行反映.随后,文章以A医药企业所在供应链为例,运用快速非支配遗传算法对模型进行求解分析.数值实验表明,备选供应商的引入不仅能够提升药品供应链的弹性水平,还能够稳定供应链的总利润,从而帮助A医药企业在供应中断事件中迅速反应并快速恢复至初始状态甚至成长为更理想的状态.

In the current volatile and uncertain international situation,the pharmaceutical supply chain faces many challenges.Pharmaceutical products are crucial for patient health and life,and any supply disruption will seriously affect the continuity of medical services and threaten patient safety,especially during the epidemic outbreaks.Therefore,pharmaceutical companies urgently need to build a resilient supply chain with the ability to avoid risks and quickly recover.Based on this,this paper defines the definition and structure of the pharmaceutical supply chain,and provides the definition and measurement indicator of pharmaceutical supply chain resilience.Then,this paper takes the single-product,multi-cycle pharmaceutical supply chain composed of the self-built factory/back-up supplier,pharmaceutical companies,and distributors as the research object.By introducing the back-up supplier as the resilient measure in the pharmaceutical supply chain,this paper constructs a pharmaceutical supply chain resilience model with the goal of maximizing profit under different disruption scenarios.The resilience level is characterized by the demand fulfillment rate of the distributors,and the shortage penalty cost is reflected in the total profits.Subsequently,this paper uses the supply chain of Pharmaceutical Company A as an example,and applies the fast non-dominated genetic algorithm to solve and analyze the model.Numerical experiments show that the introduction of the back-up supplier can not only improve the resilience level of the pharmaceutical supply chain,but also stabilize the total profits of the supply chain,helping the Pharmaceutical Company A respond quickly and recover rapidly to the initial state or even a more ideal state.