县域银行竞争对农户家庭生活的影响研究

The Impact of County-level Bank Competition on Peasant Households’Lives

金融发展具有重要的社会效应,是实现乡村振兴战略中“乡风文明”和“治理有效”的重要推动力,县域银行竞争是农村金融发展的集中体现,通过研究县域银行竞争对农户家庭生活的影响机制,能够更加具体地阐释金融发展的微观社会效应,对金融更好地服务乡村振兴战略具有积极的政策意义。文章将农户微观调查数据与县域银行竞争水平、相关经济变量相匹配,使用OLS进行基准回归,引入银保监会分局对银行机构的处罚文件数量作为工具变量缓解内生性问题,并进一步进行稳健性检验、异质性分析和机制检验。研究发现:县域银行竞争能够促使农户家庭生活观念和日常行为趋于“理性化”和“正规化”,也能够增强农户“小家庭”的情感联结,但对农户精神健康的影响具有一定的复杂性,银行竞争对农户精神健康的影响是不确定的,作为重要的现代经济组织,县域银行通过嵌入农村社区的市场竞争“潜移默化”的影响和塑造了农户家庭生活,在一定程度上促进了传统农村社区和农户家庭生活的“现代化”转型。

Financial development has significant social effects and is an important driving force in achieving the goals of“social etiquette and civility”and“effective governance”within the rural revitalization strategy.County-level bank competition is a concentrated reflection of rural financial development.By studying the impact mechanism of county-level bank competition on rural households'lives,we can more specifically explain the micro-social effects of financial development,which has positive policy implications for better leveraging finance to serve the rural revitalization strategy.By matching micro-level survey data of households with the level of county-level bank competition and relevant economic variables,this paper employs OLS regression as the baseline analysis.Additionally,the number of penalty documents issued by the local banking regulatory authority is introduced as an instrumental variable in instrumental variable regression to mitigate endogeneity issues.Furthermore,this paper conducts robustness checks,heterogeneity analysis,and mechanism tests.It is found that county level bank competition can lead to a rationalization and formalization of rural households'attitudes and daily behaviors.It also enhances emotional connections within these“small family”.However,the influence on rural households'mental well-being exhibits certain complexities,and the impact of bank competition on their mental health remains uncertain.As significant modern economic organizations,county-level banks subtly and implicitly shape rural household life through their embeddedness in market competition within rural communities.To some extent,they facilitate the modernization transformation of traditional rural communities and rural household life.