基于不同碳配额交易路径的供应链减排决策研究

Research on Emission Reduction Decision of Supply Chain Based on Different Carbon Quota Trading Path

供应链成员可通过内部和外部碳交易市场进行碳配额交易,不同的交易路径决定了企业的碳减排决策。本文分析了碳配额交易路径选择、企业碳减排量、供应链成员利润等影响因素,构建了供应链成员仅在外部碳交易市场和分别在内外部碳交易市场进行碳配额交易的Stackelberg博弈模型,求解得到了相应情形下的最优批发价格、最优订购数量和最优碳减排量。通过算例,重点分析了内部碳交易价格和零售商碳配额对供应链成员碳减排量、批发价格、订购数量和利润的影响。研究表明:内外部碳交易路径共存能够提高零售商的产品订购数量,降低其订购价格,并提高供应链成员的碳减排量和利润;政府对零售商碳配额的合理分配可以促进供应链成员相互分担碳减排压力,提高了供应链的整体碳减排效益。

Environmental sustainability affects people’s lives and business operations.As countries in Europe and the United States have developed environmental protection plans and achieved good results,China opened its carbon emission trading market in 2013,and formulated relevant carbon emission trading policies.The carbon emission trading market enables smaller enterprises to obtain more carbon allowances,and larger enterprises to trade among their subsidiaries,that is,there are two carbon trading paths—external carbon trading path and internal carbon trading path.Under different trading paths,carbon quotas affect the emission reduction decisions of enterprises,and the emission reduction decisions of enterprises and the internal and external carbon trading prices will have an impact on the final profits of enterprises.Based on this background,the possibility of an internal carbon trading market is considered.By constructing the Stackelberg model under three scenarios in which only external carbon trading market exists in the retailer-led supply chain,manufacturers conduct internal and external carbon trading,and retailers conduct internal carbon trading and external carbon trading,the impact of external carbon trading price on corporate carbon emission reduction and corporate profits in the three scenarios is analyzed respectively.The carbon emission reduction and corporate profits of the three cases are compared and analyzed.Finally,Matlab and Mathematica are used to visually analyze the model to assist the presentation of conclusions.The numerical analysis data were taken from the commonly used data in papers in this field.The research shows that the internal carbon trading market is beneficial to the carbon emission reduction and profits of supply chain enterprises.When there is only an external carbon trading market,the carbon emission reduction of enterprises decreases with the increase of the external carbon trading price,and the carbon emission reduction effect is affected by the external carbon trading market.When internal and external carbon trading prices coexist,the free transfer of carbon allowances by retailers will reduce the wholesale profits of manufacturers.Setting internal trading prices within a certain range is conducive to reducing the carbon emission reduction of enterprises in the supply chain and improving the overall profits of the supply chain,which will exceed the overall profits of the supply chain when only external carbon trading markets exist.When the carbon emission reduction difficulty of leading supply chain enterprises is less,it is conducive to helping non-leading enterprises to obtain more profits and improve the overall carbon emission reduction level of the supply chain.This paper makes an in-depth study of the supply chain carbon emission reduction decision-making problem of“retailer-led-manufacturer-followed decision”,and analyzes the effects of internal carbon trading price,external carbon trading price and carbon emission reduction cost on carbon emission reduction and profits of supply chain members.However,the research still needs to be strengthened in the practical application level:in the actual“production-marketing”link of the supply chain,the quantity of products sold by retailers in different sales stages often deviates from the quantity of products ordered.In addition,the internal carbon trading price is also affected by multiple factors such as government policy orientation and consumers’preference for low-carbon consumption.In view of this,future research should focus on how retailers should make reasonable carbon emission reduction decisions under the influence of multiple factors such as government policies and consumers’low-carbon preferences,which will provide an important reference for enterprises to develop more realistic carbon emission reduction strategies.