考虑剥夺代价的灾后应急医疗服务站配置模型

Configuration Model for Post-disaster Emergency Medical Service Stations Considering Deprivation Cost

在灾害医学救援“现场救治”模式中,应急医疗移动医院的选址直接影响救援效率。考虑剥夺代价,构建一个多目标两级医疗服务站配置模型,分别优化救援效率和受灾群众心理创伤公平程度。提出相对剥夺成本来刻画救援的公平性,用绝对剥夺成本刻画救援的针对性。以四川芦山地震应急救援为例,验证模型与求解方法的可行性。实验结果显示,小幅增加经济成本,可以缓解人们因医疗物资的短缺而造成的恐慌情绪,降低受灾群众心理创伤的差异度,从而提高应急救援的响应速度。

China has a vast territory with a wide variety of natural disasters,and is one of the countries in the world that often suffer from natural disasters.The huge impact range of large-scale disasters,the adverse impact on the affected population,and the low probability of disaster occurrence pose new challenges for decision-makers on how to reasonably allocate emergency facilities and effectively allocate emergency rescue materials to ensure people’s lives and protect their safety.The medical rescue for disasters in China mainly adopts the“on-site treatment”mode,and the location and material allocation of emergency medical mobile hospitals directly affect the rescue efficiency.Protecting the life safety and physical health of the affected population,and maintaining social stability are the starting point and foothold of emergency rescue.Therefore,the psychological pain caused by the lack of rescue materials among the affected population during the post disaster emergency rescue process cannot be ignored.This article uses the cost of deprivation to measure the psychological feelings of the people in disaster areas,considering economic costs and deprivation costs as the decision-making objectives of the medical service station configuration model,medical service station configuration,and material allocation model.It models emergency rescue operations after disasters,providing a reference basis for decision-makers in emergency medical service station configuration and material allocation.In the“on-site treatment”mode in disaster medical rescue,the location of an emergency medical mobile hospital directly affects rescue efficiency.Based on the deprivation cost,a multi-objective two-level medical service station configuration model is constructed to optimize rescue efficiency and psychological trauma equity of the affected people.Relative deprivation cost is used to describe the fairness of relief and absolute deprivation cost is used to describe the pertinence of relief.Taking the Lushan earthquake emergency rescue in Sichuan province as an example,the feasibility of the model and solution method is verified.The experimental results show that a slight increase in an economic cost can alleviate people’s panic caused by the shortage of medical supplies,reduce the difference in psychological trauma of the affected people,and improve the response speed of emergency rescue.The research results of this article enrich the site selection decision-making problem of emergency medical service stations and provide new decision-making methods for the development of emergency disaster relief work.This article does not consider the issue of horizontal transportation of emergency supplies at the same level of medical service stations.Therefore,the horizontal transportation of supplies at the same level of site selection points is the next research focus of the author.